Liberal Compromise And The Golden Age - 2581 Words

The golden age of capitalism was the period after WWII which saw a post-war economic expansion. During this period, there was a rise in real wages, and high levels of employment. In this essay we will discuss the embedded liberal compromise that took place, and attempt to identify significant features that allowed for the golden age to take place. In the later parts of this essay, the reasons as to why the embedded liberal compromise and the golden age ended will be discussed. One of the main reasons that led to the embedded liberal compromise was the global balance of power after WWII. The USA was by far the strongest country in terms of military ability and economic capacity following WWII. The theory of hegemonic stability argues†¦show more content†¦This relates to embedded liberalism as the Marshall plan could be seen as feature of as it relates to states accepting preconditions from the USA that represent the key principals of embedded liberalism. More of this will be discussed on this the the later parts of this essay. The neoliberal theory on hegemonic stability takes on a different factor as to neorealism, public goods. waltzIn a global market, the provision of public goods will be the responsibility of the hegemon. This is because when power is evenly distributed between states, the incentive to produce public goods is diminished. Free-riding diminishes this incentive as states are unlikely to bear the costs of these public goods. Public goods in this context could be seen as a well organised international system of free trade or possibly the provision of financial aid in the time of crisis. Both of these being features of embedded liberalism. These goods will be provided by the hegemon because the size of the hegemon ensures that benefits provided by the free goods outweighs the costs. Although Waltz theory is the more popular of the two theories of hegemonic stability, Ruggie believes this does not explain enough. He believes that the structure of the internationalisation of political authority is not just dependant on power, but also on social

Ap Language Essay Free Essays

Foskuhl 1 Baxter J. Foskuhl Mrs. Murdock AP Language Composition November 11, 2012 Our Dream The American Dream is a principle. We will write a custom essay sample on Ap Language Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Our American Dream is not written down, not created by our founding fathers. The American Dream is a set of beliefs that dictate much more societal change than the Government and even the Constitution. Since it is not written down or legalized, it can change, grow, and flourish however the people of this country decide it to. The American Dream does not prejudice by color or origin. It is not constrained by demographics nor can it be classified as a status. The dream cannot be amended, voted for, or killed. The word shalom comes from the language of Hebrew, meaning peace, community, home, love. Similarly, the American Dream is a belief that has multiple connotations: work, equal, freedom, wealth, opportunity. These meanings are constantly being redefined. Over time, however; the American Dream has come to being something different for every generation. The tremendous social changes that have happened within the last forty years have significantly changed the definition of the American Dream. For example, there were roughly 150 million people living in the United States. Since then, multiple recessions, social movements, technological leaps, all along with the current population of roughly 308 million has significantly altered the definition of the American Dream. The classic view of the Caucasian family of two kids, two cars, a white picket fence and a Labrador retriever is far from todays American Dream, and society as a whole. The American Dream does not just consist of white Foskuhl 2 families anymore. It does not fulfill to the assumption that men are allowed to abuse their wives, and keep them at home where they are â€Å"supposed† to be. Also, the American Dream most certainly does not promise the newest Ford every year. The Dream is the couple who recently adopted an adorable Asian baby. The Dream is the recently immigrated Hispanic family who can breathe fresh air, drink clear water, and live safely. Even more, the American Dream is a principle of hope, from the poor city kid who strives to be a Doctor, to the Hawaiian-born scholar destined to become the leader of the free world. The idea of the American Dream has influenced arts, film, politics, literature, etc. , etc. For example, F. Scott Fitzgerald uses Jay Gatsby to portray the American Dream in the 1920’s. In the novel, Meyer Wolfshiem talks about how he raised Gatsby up from nothing, a key component of the American Dream. Wolfshiem shows this when he says â€Å"’I raised him up out of nothing, right out of the gutters†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Fitzgerald 171). The process of going from rags to riches is one of the core concepts of the American Dream. Fitzgerald also displays the American Dream as money, wealth, the â€Å"better† life. Fitzgerald shows Gatsby as a man wealth when Nick says â€Å"The one on my right was a colossal affair by any standard- it was a factual imitation of some Hotel de Ville in Normandy†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Fitzgerald 5). The kind of American Dream that Fitzgerald portrays in the 1920’s is one of wealth as achievement and coming up from practically nothing to achieve so. Jay Gatsby was a simple Minnesotan boy with not too much given to him, who, as Fitzgerald would have it, climbed his path and attained a status of wealth. This was the symbol of achievement in the 1920’s. Jay Gatsby’s attainment of wealth represents Fitzgerald’s portrayal of the American Dream in the 1920’s. Foskuhl 3 The portrayal of the American Dream as presented in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s the Great Gatsby does not hold true in today’s society. I believe that the significant difference is while the 1920’s American Dream is one of attaining the quantity of money; the 21st century American Dream values the quality of life, and the equal pursuit of happiness. Currently, I think the American Dream is not about having millions of dollars or a white picket fence with Lassie in the front. A more modern American Dream is one about having the choice to who you love, the opportunity for education regardless of your intellectual ability or income level, and financial security. Today’s American Dream is about peace, safety, equality, opportunity, and not trying to become the 1%. How to cite Ap Language Essay, Essay examples

Implementation plan of ethic free essay sample

Understanding Business Ethics, Corporate Social Responsibility and their relationship; and examine their importance; b. Investigating different perspectives of business ethics theories; c. Understanding the roles of corporate culture and corporate leadership in business ethics; d. Understanding the concepts of ethics in the working place; e. Applying an ethical framework to business fields: Marketing, Corporate Governance, Accounting, and Finance; f. Describing business environment responsibilities. 2) Course Textbook(s)/ Resources: a) Main books: Laura Hartman and Joseph DesJardins, Business Ethics: Decision-Making for Personal Integrity and Social Responsibility, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2nd edition, 2010. Or Laura Hartman and Joseph DesJardins, Business Ethics: Decision-Making for Personal Integrity and Social Responsibility, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 3rd edition, 2013 b) Reference books or resources: †¢ Harvard Business Review †¢ John D. Ashcroft, Jane E. Ashcroft, 2010, Law for Business, 17th edition, Cengage Publication, ISBN 13 9780538749923 3) Implementation plan in details For class scheduled at Tuesday and Thursday ***QUIZ 3 is incidental to the class and has a focus on any of Case assigned in advance for Exercise. Topics/ Chapters/Unit Week Date Slot Number/ Session Content Category Lectures: 15/ Tutorials: 15 Students task before class Teachers Material Students task after class Introduction to the course and Guideline of Individual Assignment 1 Tue 7/1 1 INTRODUCTION to the course Introduce Textbook, studying method and particular for Exercises during Tutorials class. GUIDELINE: Individual Assignment. Instructor will assign one topic among below three to students (subject to be changed by Instructor) Topic 1: The factors influencing corporate culture; Topic 2: The relationship between business ethics and corporate social responsibility. Topic 3: The relationship between business ethics and employee integrity Lecture Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Chapter 1 2 CHAPTER 1: Ethics and Business Lecture Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Exercise 1 3 EXERCISE 1: Applied skill based Debate (focus on Chapter 1) Tutorial Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Chapter 3- Part I Thur 9/1 4 CHAPTER 3: Philosophical Ethics and Business (PART 1) Lecture Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Chapter 3- Part II 5 CHAPTER 3: Philosophical Ethics and Business (PART 2) Lecture Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Exercise 2 6 EXERCISE 2: Applied skill based Debate (focus on Chapter 3-part 1, part 2) Tutorial Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Chapter 3- Part III 2 Tue 14/1 7 CHAPTER 3: Philosophical Ethics and Business (PART 3) Lecture Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Chapter 3- Part IV 8 CHAPTER 3: Philosophical Ethics and Business (PART 4) Lecture Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Exercise 3 REGISTER: Topic of Individual Assignment 9 EXERCISE 3: Applied skill based Debate (focus on Chapter 3-part 3, part 4) REGISTER: Topic of Individual Assignment Tutorial Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Chapter 4- Part I Thur 16/1 10 CHAPTER 4: The Corporate Culture: Impact and Implications (PART 1) Lecture Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS 11 CHAPTER 4: The Corporate Culture: Impact and Implications (PART 2) Lecture Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS 12 EXERCISE 4: Applied skill based Debate (focus on Chapter 4-part 1, part 2) Tutorial Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Chapter 5-Part I 3 Tue 21/1 13 CHAPTER 5: Corporate Social Responsibility (PART 1) Lecture Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Chapter 5-Part II 14 CHAPTER 5: Corporate Social Responsibility (PART 2) Lecture Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Exercise 5 15 EXERCISE 5: Applied skill based Debate (focus on Chapter 5- part 1, part 2) Tutorial Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Chapter 6 QUIZ 1 Thur 23/1 16 CHAPTER 6: Ethical Decision-Making: Employer Responsibilities and Employee Rights Lecture Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Exercise 6 17 EXERCISE 6: Applied skill based Debate (focus on Chapter 6) Tutorial Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Chapter 7 Submission of Individual Assignment Report 18 CHAPTER 7: Ethical Decision-Making: Technology and Privacy in the Workplace SUBMISSION: Individual Assignment Report Lecture Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Exercise 7 4 Tue 11/2 19 EXERCISE 7: Applied skill based Debate (focus on Chapter 7) Tutorials Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Chapter 8- Part 1 20 CHAPTER 8: Ethics and Marketing (PART 1) Lecture Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Exercise 8 QUIZ 1 21 EXERCISE 8: Applied skill based Debate (focus on Chapter 8- Part 1) QUIZ 1: Chapter 1,3,4,5 Tutorial Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Chapter 8- Part 2 Thur 13/2 22 CHAPTER 8: Ethics and Marketing (PART 2) Lecture Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource and quiz handouts Main textbook, CMS Exercise 9 23 EXERCISE 9: Applied skill based Debate (focus on Chapter 9- Part 1) Tutorial Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Chapter 9 24 CHAPTER 9: Business and Environmental Sustainability Lecture Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Exercise 10 5 Tue 18/2 25 EXERCISE 10: Applied skill based Debate (focus on Chapter 9) Tutorial Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Chapter 10- Part 1 26 CHAPTER 10: Ethical Decision-Making: Corporate Governance, Accounting, and Finance (PART 1) Lecture Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Exercise 11 27 EXERCISE 11: Applied Case based Activities (focus on Chapter 10- Part 1) Tutorial Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Chapter 10- Part 1 Quiz 2 Thur 20/2 28 CHAPTER 10: Ethical Decision-Making: Corporate Governance, Accounting, and Finance (PART 2) Lecture Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Exercise 12 29 EXERCISE 12: Applied skill based Debate (focus on Chapter 10- Part 2) Tutorial Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Course review QUIZ 2 30 COURSE REVIEW QUIZ 2: Chapter 6,7,8,9 and 10 Tutorial Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS FINAL EXAM 3. 2. For class scheduled at Monday, Wednesday and Friday ***QUIZ 3 is incidental to the class and has a focus on any of Case assigned in advance for Exercise. Topics/ Chapters/Unit Week Date Slot Number/ Session Content Category Lectures: 15/ Tutorials: 15 Students task before class Teachers Material Students task after class Introduction to the course and Guideline of Individual Assignment 1 Mon 6/1 1 INTRODUCTION to the course Introduce Textbook, studying method and particular for Exercises during Tutorials class. GUIDELINE: Individual Assignment. Instructor will assign one topic among below three to students (subject to be changed by Instructor) Topic 1: The factors influencing corporate culture; Topic 2: The relationship between business ethics and corporate social responsibility. Topic 3: The relationship between business ethics and employee integrity Lecture Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Chapter 1 2 CHAPTER 1: Ethics and Business Lecture Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Exercise 1 Wed 8/1 3 EXERCISE 1: Applied skill based Debate (focus on Chapter 1) Tutorial Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Chapter 3- Part I 4 CHAPTER 3: Philosophical Ethics and Business (PART 1) Lecture Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Chapter 3- Part II Fri 10/1 5 CHAPTER 3: Philosophical Ethics and Business (PART 2) Lecture Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Exercise 2 6 EXERCISE 2: Applied skill based Debate (focus on Chapter 3-part 1, part 2) Tutorial Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Chapter 3- Part III 2 Mon 13/1 7 CHAPTER 3: Philosophical Ethics and Business (PART 3) Lecture Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Chapter 3- Part IV 8 CHAPTER 3: Philosophical Ethics and Business (PART 4) Lecture Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Exercise 3 REGISTER: Topic of Individual Assignment Wed 15/1 9 EXERCISE 3: Applied skill based Debate (focus on Chapter 3-part 3, part 4) REGISTER: Topic of Individual Assignment Tutorial Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Chapter 4- Part I 10 CHAPTER 4: The Corporate Culture: Impact and Implications (PART 1) Lecture Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Chapter 4- Part II Fri 17/1 11 CHAPTER 4: The Corporate Culture: Impact and Implications (PART 2) Lecture Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Exercise 4 12 EXERCISE 4: Applied skill based Debate  (focus on Chapter 4-part 1, part 2) Tutorial Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Chapter 5-Part I 3 Mon 20/1 13 CHAPTER 5: Corporate Social Responsibility (PART 1) Lecture Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Chapter 5-Part II 14 CHAPTER 5: Corporate Social Responsibility (PART 2) Lecture Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teac hers Resource Main textbook, CMS Exercise 5 Wed 22/1 15 EXERCISE 5: Applied skill based Debate (focus on Chapter 5- part 1, part 2) Tutorial Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Chapter 6 QUIZ 1 16 CHAPTER 6: Ethical Decision-Making: Employer Responsibilities and Employee Rights Lecture Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Exercise 6 3 Fri 24/1 17 EXERCISE 6: Applied skill based Debate (focus on Chapter 6) Tutorial Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Chapter 7 Submission of Individual Assignment Report 18 CHAPTER 7: Ethical Decision-Making: Technology and Privacy in the Workplace SUBMISSION: Individual Assignment Report Lecture Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Exercise 7 4 Mon 10/2 19 EXERCISE 7: Applied skill based Debate (focus on Chapter 7) Tutorials Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Chapter 8- Part 1 20 CHAPTER 8: Ethics and Marketing (PART 1) Lecture Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Exercise 8 QUIZ 1 Wed 12/2 21 EXERCISE 8: Applied skill based Debate (focus on Chapter 8- Part 1) QUIZ 1: Chapter 1,3,4,5 Tutorial Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Chapter 8- Part 2 22 CHAPTER 8: Ethics and Marketing (PART 2) Lecture Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource and quiz handouts Main textbook, CMS Exercise 9 5 Fri 14/2 23 EXERCISE 9: Applied skill based Debate (focus on Chapter 9- Part 1) Tutorial Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Chapter 9 24 CHAPTER 9: Business and Environmental Sustainability Lecture Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Exercise 10 5 Mon 17/2 25 EXERCISE 10: Applied skill based Debate (focus on Chapter 9) Tutorial Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Chapter 10- Part 1 26 CHAPTER 10: Ethical Decision-Making: Corporate Governance, Accounting, and Finance (PART 1) Lecture Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Exercise 11 Wed 19/2 27 EXERCISE 11: Applied Case based Activities (focus on Chapter 10- Part 1) Tutorial Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Chapter 10- Part 1 Quiz 2 28 CHAPTER 10: Ethical Decision-Making: Corporate Governance, Accounting, and Finance (PART 2) Lecture Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Exercise 12 Fri 21/2 29 EXERCISE 12: Applied skill based Debate (focus on Chapter 10- Part 2) Tutorial Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS Course review QUIZ 2 30 COURSE REVIEW QUIZ 2: Chapter 6,7,8,9 and 10 Tutorial Main textbook Instructor Manual, Teachers Resource Main textbook, CMS FINAL EXAM 4) Training activities: a) Class-based activities Lectures: 17 slots (slot=90’) -Tutorials: 13 slots (slot=90’) c) Self-study d) Consultation Email, cms, face-to-face 5) Usage of Information Technology in/during the course a) Provide information or materials through the internet. b) Use online materials : Harvard review c) Information exchanged between lecturers and students: email, CMS d) Specific technical requirement for the subject. 6) Soft skills and personal development throughout the course a) Exercise skills: followed by skills obtained through Discussion performance. b) Team work skills: Group assignment is exercised in form of DISCUSSION 1. GROUPS FOR EXERCISE AND REQUIREMENTS OF ROLES Each exercise will be in form of a Discussion. The class divided into 08 groups (G1,G2,G3,G4,G5,G6,G7, and G8 respectively) by Instructor to hold a game of Ethical CEOs through 12 exercises of tutorials. Each Group will carry out 03 exercises with Discussion role in below fixed order. Each exercise or each Discussion will be participated by 02 groups. The non-discussion groups will give Feedback. 1. 1. Order and Role of Discussion (1 group plays as Present side and 1 group plays as Rebut side) G1-G2 (exercise 1); G3-G7(exercise 2); G4-G5(exercise 3); G6-G8(exercise 4); G1-G3(exercise 5); G2-G5(exercise 6); G4-G6(exercise 7); G7-G8(exercise 8); G1G4(exercise 9); G2-G6(exercise 10); G3-G8(exercise 11); and G5-G7(exercise 12). 1. 2. Requirements of different roles in the Discussion: Discussion activities in 40 minutes and in English: Present group plays a role of CEOS to analyze the ethical problems, present solution, defend or give a model of decision making. Rebut group plays a role against or clear down or specify or supplement the decision of Present group by making questions and statement. Non-discussion groups: 1 group will be enacted by both of Discussion groups to play as Chair of the Discussion. The others have to give feedback which is in a fixed form *** below after the Discussion. Anyone fails to follow control of the Chair or fail to answer any questions will be deducted at least 1% 2. CASES FOR EXERCISES: Cases will be assigned to Students by Instructor at least 01 days in advance (CMS/Email ) 3. PREPARATION PLAN BEFORE EXERCISE (taken by non-discussion groups only: A preparation plan for the Discussion will be submitted to Instructor via email or CMS depend on Instructor by 5. 30 pm the day before. Format: from 1 page only . Language: English; Margin: Left: 2 cm; Right: 1. 5cm; Upper :1. 5; Bottom: 1. 5cm; Font/ Paragraph: double-spaced with 14-point font. Personal information (Role in debate, name of teams, class, order of exercise and the topic for debate) Content: (i) Background of concerned firms in the case, (ii) Ethical issues, (iii) Analysis and (iv) Solution/ proposed module of decision. Further guidance, please refer to Course Implementation plan of Business ethics Anyone fails to submit this plan will be deducted at least 2% Evaluation of Group assignment: (Total: 30%) 1 group will be evaluated during 15 exercises (5 times of taking charge of 5 discussions, 10 times for being Chair or giving feedback in the remaining 10 exercises). Feedback, preparation plan or performance of discussion during the exercise will be taken into consideration to give score. The score will be allocated within an amount of fixed percent of each exercises mentioned below. Skill application Exercise: 30% (Exercise 1: 2. 5 % The team must assume the role of a consulting firm called in to solve that identified specific problem of ethics in the chosen organization. The problem must be related to a 3 topics mentioned in the Syllabus- Appendix 1 (subject to be changed by the Instructor if any). Instructor will decide which one works on which topic among 3. TOPIC REGISTER: All projects subjects must be submitted to Instructor via email or CMS depend on Instructor no later than 5. 30 pm of deadline (session 8). FINAL REPORT: must be submitted to Instructor via email or CMS depend on Instructor no later than 5. 30 pm of deadline (session 18). Format: at least 03 pages and no more than 5 pages for main Body at least depends on teachers request; Language: English; Margin: Left: 2 cm; Right: 1. 5cm; Upper :1. 5; Bottom: 1. 5cm; Font/ Paragraph: double-spaced with 12-point font. Structure/ content: Group content, Cover Letter, Reference, Main Body: (i) Nature and background of firm; (ii) Ethical Issues; (iii) Analysis of problems/ issues (interview with the manager is integrated) (iv) Proposed remedy/ solution; and (v) Plan for implementation. Evaluation of Individual Assignment: (Total: 15%) Lack of manager interview part will be only given up to 5% for individual assignment credit at maximum. A deduction of 5% of the total score of the assignment will be applied for each day of late submission (for both Register and Final Report) Any plagiarism more than 30% will be resulted in a failure of assignment e) Content for personal development f) Final examination (FE): 30% 1. Date: TBA 2. Total weight: 30% 3. Structure: (total: 60’) Multiple choice: 20 questions (25) Essay and case: 01 essay (short answer/ case) (35) 7) Assessment Scheme: Quizzes (3): 15% Exercises (12): 30%

What is Abuse free essay sample

What is Abuse? What is abuse? Abuse is told to be beating, bleeding, bruising, and burning. Abuse is said to be hurtful, painful, and tearful. Abuse isn’t just about physically hurting someone. Abuse is said to be what it’s not. In a teenager’s world, abuse is all mental. Abuse takes place when the victim doesn’t even realize it is happening. When they finally realized they were abused, the damage has already been done. Abuse not only takes a toll on the mind, but the entire body. They don’t think straight, and they make decisions that could affect them the rest of their life. Abuse is lies. Lies are told to â€Å"protect† feelings, so the truth can’t hurt. Lies are abuse because when a lie is told, it is for a reason. Feelings aren’t in others concern, and they just care about what is best from them. We will write a custom essay sample on What is Abuse? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In most cases, lies are the abuser’s last resort. They don’t seem to care what it takes to get what they want. Teenager’s act on impulse, and don’t think about what is happening until it’s too late. Abuse is lies because knowing they aren’t worth the truth hurts the victim the most. Abuse is verbal. Abuse is what a loved one says, and how they say it. Constantly telling the victim that they’re not good enough, pretty enough, smart enough, or fast enough makes them feel like a piece of trash and disposable. At this point, the victim is convinced that all the ones they care about, don’t care back. How words are said is an impact to the point the abuser is trying to get across. When victims gets yelled at and told they’re hated, makes them feel like a slap to the face would feel so much better. Abuse is verbal. Abuse is pressure. Victims of abuse get pressured into making decisions they don’t want to participate in. Classmates, co-workers, and boyfriends/girlfriends have a persuasive way of making them think the bad decisions they make will make them â€Å"cool†. Being a teenager can make it difficult to say no to peers. I have an older sister. She got pregnant her senior year in high school. She made a few bad decisions which will follow her for the rest of her life. She is currently twenty-one and has a daughter who is three. Her child’s father is still with her and they all live under the same roof. Through out their whole relationship, he has been unemployed. Leaving her to pay all the bills, finish school, and support her new-born child while he runs the streets. I see her almost every day. She looks run down, worn out and dead beat tired. Not an ounce of happiness remains in her. All because she made one decision that she thought would make her â€Å"cool†. Abuse is pressure Abuse is all mental; it isn’t what is seen, but what is felt. When teenagers are abused, it changes who they are whether they know it or not. Although all social groups have their own outlook on abuse, they are outsiders unless they experience it personally. That is the explanation to why abuse has many definitions.

Problem of Police Brutality Essays

Problem of Police Brutality Essays Problem of Police Brutality Essay Problem of Police Brutality Essay 1.3 Problem Statement Traditional and new forms of media take unique approaches towards the representation of African American males to audiences in the United States. The resultant impact of the variations in the representation of African American males has been the development of perceptions about African American menbyopposite sides of the divide based onhard-linepositions about police brutality. The challenge, therefore, lies in the depiction of character and behavioural traits of the African American male with regard to the actions of the police during brutal confrontations between law enforcement and African American males. The advent of incidences of violence such as was the recent Dallas shootings is particularly blamed on the attitudes and emotive stances that hardliner positions on the debate surrounding police brutality in the United States is concerned. The media plays a crucial roleofinforming the public and particularly in agenda setting. To that extent, the angle that the media pursues rega rding reportage on incidences of confrontation between African American men and the police proves key to understanding the perceptions of the public about African American men. Moreover, the medias role in agenda setting is central to the shaping of themind-setof the public as regards the conduct and character of African American males(McCombs M. , 2002). The current state of escalating hatred and anger over police brutality brewing feelings of racial discrimination brings forth a new problem that can only be described as the New Jim Crow. To that extent, the suffering of African American men in the hands of police is to a great extent attributable to the depiction of African American men by the media. Traditional and modern forms of media present African Americans in a certain context that advances negative stereotype of aggression and violence(Hammond Yung, 1993). Notably, African American men, by default, have become targets of rogue police officers who exercise brutal force whe n engaged in confrontation with African American suspects leading to violence. 1.4 Research Aims and Objectives On a broader perspective, the goals of the study are fourfold. First, the research seeks to develop knowledge and inquiry into whether disparities exist in the medias portrayal of African American males involved in criminal activities or otherwise. In that regard, the study evaluates traditional and modern forms of media by comparing and contrasting the depictions of African American males during news coverage of incidences of police brutality. The advent of new media that brings together aspects of social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram among others presents a point of comparison with news coverage by traditional forms of media such as Television News and Newspapers. The second fundamental objective that the study is concerned with revolves around the determination of whether discrepancies exist between traditional and new forms of media regarding the nature of reporting on the character and behaviour of African American males during incidences of police brutality. Fu rther, the third objective of the study is to evaluate the impact of the medias portrayal of African American males on the perceptions of the public with respect to the general conduct and character traits of African American males. Finally, the study aims to present recommendations necessary for adoption by the media in shaping perceptions of African American males. The specific objectives of the study are as under; To compare and contrast reporting by traditional and modern forms of media with respect to cases of police brutality and specifically the angle of representation of African American males in news reports. To evaluate news reports in traditional and new media forms for similarities and differences inportrayalof African American males when reporting on incidences of police brutality. To investigate the impact of portrayals of African American males in both new and traditional forms of media on the perception of the American public about African American males. To develop a list of recommendations that can be adopted by the media in general as regards the portrayal of African American males and by extension shape the perceptions of the American public about African American males. 1.5 Research Questions The study seeks to answer the question on why police brutality is predominantly associated with aconfrontationbetween the police and male suspects of African American heritage. Moreover, the study seeks to answer the question on whether or not the media has a role to play as concerns the portrayal of African American males during news reporting. It is worth of note that the media has a significant role to play in shaping the perceptions of the public and setting the agenda as regards issues of importance to the general public(Carroll McCombs, 2003). In that regard, what images of African Americans are carried by new media and traditional media and what is the impact of such images on the perceptions of the American publics as pertains to the character and conduct of African American males. Consequently, the research seeks to answer the questionofwhether or not differences exist between new and traditional media forms in the manner with which news coverage on police brutality cases a re presented to the American public. More importantly, the study seeks to answer the question on how perceptions created by the media about African American males has had an impact on the lives of such individuals. The specific research questions are as under; What are the differences between new and traditional forms of media in news reporting pertaining to the conduct and characteristics of African American males involved in instances of police brutality? Are there significant implications of the perceptions created by the media about African American men on how African American men are treated by the police? What are the far reaching implications of the stereotypes created by the media about African American men in their social lives? What are the factors that determine the angle or approach taken by either traditional or modern forms of media with respect to the portrayal of African American men in media? What alternative progressive options exist in media towards shaping perceptions of African American males that would lead to an end ofviolentconfrontation between police officers andAfrican Americansuspects? 1.6 Significance of the Study The study proves relevant owing to the escalating statistics of police brutality againstAfrican Americanmales in the United States. In the year 2016 alone, 123 people have been shot by police officers as of the killing ofPhilandoCastile as the latest shooting of African American males by police(Craven, 2016). The excerpt below from the Guardian paints a grim picture of the growing strained relations between White police officers andAfrican Americanmales. As such, instances of confrontations between the two will almost certainly end in the shooting of theAfrican Americanmale. Black people were killed by police at more than twice the rate of white people in 2015 Despite the higher total number of white people killed, black people were more likely to die at the hands of law enforcement when adjusting for population (per one million). PER MILLION TOTAL 7.13Black3.48Hispanic/Latino3.4Native American2.91White1.34Asian/Pacific Islander SOURCE: The Counted, 1 Jan 31 Dec 2015(Swaine, laugland, Lartey, McCarthy, 2015). The statistics indicate that African American males are nine times as likely to be killed by police officers as compared to White males of the same age bracket. With over 1000 African American men killed by police officers in the span of 2015 alone, the 123 number of Black men killed by police officers as of July 2016 brings to the fore concerns about the escalation of the trend that is seemingly a killing spree orchestrated by the authorities(Craven, 2016).Developing an understanding of the perceptions of African Americans among the wider scope of the public is necessary towards understanding the impact that such perceptions have had in contributing to the status quo. In retrospect, the media plays a fundamental role in shaping ideologies as pertains to how people think about trending issues and matters of interest to the public(McCombs M. , 2002). In that esteem, conducting the study proves relevant in that it presents knowledge on how the media can be used for the creation of posi tive stereotypes of African American males and hopefully end the spate of violence and confrontation between African American males and police officers in the United States(Anderson, Feia, Ceulemans, 2011). The results of the study prove significant as they can be used as representative recommendations that can be essential in restructuring the media towards adopting different forms through which to portray African Americans in positive light and end the negative connotations that are associated with aggressive and violent nature of African American men(Hammond Yung, 1993).

EFL Classroom

CALL Use in the ESL/EFL Classroom There has been much debate over the use of computer assisted language learning (CALL) in the ESL/EFL classroom over the past decade. As you are reading this feature via the Internet (and I am writing this using a computer), I will assume that you feel that CALL is useful to your teaching and/or learning experience. There are many uses of the computer in the classroom. As a teacher, I find that CALL can be successfully employed not only for grammar practice and correction, but also for communicative activities. As most of you are familiar with the programs that offer help with grammar, I would like to focus on the use of CALL for communicative activities. Successful communication learning is dependent on the students desire to participate. Im sure most teachers are familiar with students who complain about poor speaking and communication skills, who, however, when asked to communicate, are often reluctant to do so. In my opinion, this lack of participation is often caused by the artificial nature of the classroom. When asked to communicate about various situations, students should also be involved in the actual situation. Decision making, asking for advice, agreeing and disagreeing, and compromising with fellow students are all tasks that cry out for authentic settings. It is in these settings that I feel CALL can be used to great advantage. By using the computer as a tool to create student projects, research information and provide context, teachers can employ the computer to help students become more involved in the task at hand, thereby facilitating the necessity of effective communication within a group setting. Exercise 1: Focus on Passive Voice Generally, students coming from around the world are more than happy to speak about their native country. Obviously, when speaking about a country (city, state etc.) the passive voice is required. I have found the following activity using the computer to be of great assistance in helping students focus on the correct use of the passive voice for communication and reading and writing skills. Inductively review the passive structures in class (or introduce the passive structures)Provide a text example, focusing on a specific location, that includes many passive voice structuresHave students read through the textAs a follow-up, have students separate passive voice and active voice examplesUsing a program such as Microsoft Encarta or any other multimedia encyclopedia, (or the Internet) have students working in small groups find information about their own nation (or any city, state etc.)Based on the information they have found, students then write a short report together at the computer (using a spell check, communicating about formatting etc.)Students then report back to the class presenting their report created at the computer This exercise is a perfect example of involving students in an authentic activity that focuses on communication skills while at the same time including a grammar focus, and uses the computer as a tool. Students have fun together, communicate in English and are proud of the results they achieve - all ingredients for successful inductive learning of the passive voice in a communicative manner. Exercise 2: Strategy Games For younger learners of English, strategy games can be one of the most effective ways to get students to communicate, agree and disagree, ask for opinions and generally use their English in an authentic setting. Students are asked to focus on the successful completion of a task such as solving riddles (Myst, Riven) and developing strategies (SIM City). Choose a strategy game such as a SIM or mysteryHave students divide into teamsCreate a specific task in the game itself, such as the completion of a certain level, the creation of a certain type of environment, the solving of a specific riddle. This is important for providing a framework and specific language needs/goals for a common ground in the classroom.Have students complete the task.Have students come together in the classroom and compare strategies. Once again, students who find it difficult to participate in a classroom setting (Describe your favorite holiday? Where did you go? What did you do? etc.) generally become involved. The focus is not on their completing a task which can be judged as correct or incorrect, but rather on the enjoyable atmosphere of teamwork which a computer strategy game provides.

Criminal law problem question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Criminal law problem question - Essay Example 1Simple criminal damage finds a person guilty of criminal damage if they recklessly destroy or damage property belonging to another person. In order to prove a defendant liable to simple criminal damage the following elements have to be proved: Proving the mens rea in this case would be simple as the events that led to the destruction of $6,000 worth of property were triggered with Archie catapulting the stone. As set out in Roper v Knott  2any diminution in value of property due to a person’s act other than the owner is considered criminal damage. The prosecution in this cases would have the most difficult in proving the mens rea. The prosecution would be burdened with proving that Archie had the intention to destroy the garage or he acted recklessly leading to the damage in the garage. It is clear from the facts of the case Archie’s actions were not intended at causing the damage. Therefore, the prosecution would have to prove Archie acted recklessly in hitting the bus with the stone. In R v G & R recklessness can be proved; if Archie was aware of the risk of the stone hitting a vehicle on the road adjacent to the park existed3. Secondly, if he was under circumstances that made it unreasonable for him to take the risk. Under the reasoning in R v G & R  4, Archie could not appreciate the risk of damage because of his age. In R v G & R it was ruled that a defendant’s age, experience and knowledge must be taken into consideration while determining if they acted recklessly5. Therefore, Archie can use his age as a defence against the charge of simple criminal damage. Therefore, the prosecution would not be successful in convincing the court, Archie is liable to any criminal offense. In this case, Barry aims and fires his high powered air rifle with the intention of teaching his neighbour Siegfried a lesson. The previous night, Barry had not slept as Siegfried had played dubstep music the whole night. The impact of Barry’s

Interdiscipnilary topic - select 3 disciplines and connect them Research Paper

Interdiscipnilary topic - select 3 disciplines and connect them somehow to the political theory of John Rawls - Research Paper Example Various disciplines can for example be used in teaching, in scientific research, in management and so on. Philosophy for example, can be used to develop theories, to which science can then be used to prove the theories. These subjects are interrelated in one way or the other, and they are normally used together to solve specific problems or develop new ideas. While the main focus is on the interdisciplinary nature of three disciplines, biological, philosophical, and educational disciplines, the paper explains the political theory as postulated by John Rawls, and also explains the meaning of interdisciplinary. Brief descriptions of the three disciplines are given, then a detailed explanation of how they are interlinked given using one research study. It is important to explain John Rawls political theory to enhance the concept in which the research is based. Rawls theory explains how a democratic society still manages to set up an economy and run normally. In a democratic society, people have different worldviews. The people have different opinions about certain laws, they have different religious beliefs, they have different conceptions about what is ethically correct or not, they have different values and forms of interpersonal relations. Because of these differences, people will have different devotions, making it hard for them to be loyal to one law. As Rawls explains however, in a society, not everyone can have his way. There has to be a common law that guides the behaviour of everyone. For example, there have to be common laws defining what is ethically right and wrong. People have to recognize that they live in a society, making it difficult to act according to the diverse values, beliefs, and practices. It is explained in this theory that the society still manages to be stable because of the people’s ability to employ public reason to make decisions. Public reason makes them

Pardon sought for champion Jack Johnson Essay Example for Free

Pardon sought for champion Jack Johnson Essay According to newspaper reports this week, Sen. John McCain, the former Republican candidate for president, has introduced a resolution to Congress urging President Barack Obama to pardon Jack Johnson for his conviction of an alleged violation of the Mann Act ninety six years ago. (UPI) The resolution, originally presented to the Congress of George W. Bush in September, 2008 states in part, that Johnson was wronged by a racially motivated conviction prompted by his success in the boxing ring and his relationships with white women. (API) In 1904 Jack Johnson became the first African American heavy weight champion. At a time when black men were being lynched, beaten and burned for daring to look a white man in the eye, Jack Johnson was beating them viciously in the boxing ring while taunting the on-looking crowd of whites that screamed for his defeat. Jack London, a popular American author of the time, (who had an ex-slave as a major maternal influence in his life) railed against the black pugilist, writing essays pleading for ‘some white man, any white man, to knock Johnson’s block off’. (Starnes) When white America could not come up with a â€Å"Great White Hope† to defeat Johnson they chose to defeat Jack in the only way they could – through a federal law created to protect against transporting white females across state lines for the purpose of prostitution. (Mann) Prosecutors used this law despite the fact its original purpose was the prevention of non-consensual sexual abuse (e. g. , prostitution) of white females. Jack Johnson married the woman he allegedly transported across state lines for ‘immoral purposes’. When she would not testify against him, a former lover chose to cooperate with federal prosecutors. Jack Johnson fled the United States to avoid incarceration but returned in 1920 and served one year and one day in Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary. While there were anti-miscegenation laws in America beginning in the late 17th century, which persisted until 1967, all such laws were local and not federal so prosecutors used the Mann Act to accuse, try, and convict Jack Johnson. Irony is one of the greatest factors of life for African Americans: no law ever protected black women from being transported across state lines for ‘immoral purposes’. While marriage between black and white was illegal in most states until 1967, no laws prohibited the rape of black women by white males. Once the importation of slaves was illegal, slavery was sustained, in part, by the sexual relationships between both white men and women and black slaves. The children that resulted were most often slaves. These offspring usually added to the labor force on southern plantations. Much of America’s history has involved denying the most basic right – to love another human being to its African American citizens. Irony is at its peak when the federal conviction of a black man, for having sex with a white woman, should wind up on the desk of another black man who is the offspring of a black man and white woman! Bibliography Pardon sought for champion Jack Johnson United Press, â€Å"Pardon sought for champion Jack Johnson†, Sports http://www. upi. com, (22/4/2009), Associated Press â€Å"Congress Seeks Pardon For Boxing Champ†, http://www. cbsnews. com (9/26/2008)

Analysis of Presentation on Nature as Female :: Gender Sex Female Male Essays Papers

Analysis of Presentation on Nature as Female I found the presentation on Nature as Female to be very interesting, because the topic asks as many questions as it answers. The question of why nature is gendered, I believe, is inextricably rooted in language. Language determines everything our experiences, our perceptions, our beliefs, and our desires. In a class I took last term we spoke about Lacan and his theory about language determining our desires, and it made sense to me, because you cannot desire what you cannot name. In the same way, language determines our beliefs about the world. In an anthropology course I took, there was a study about this Navajo tribe that demonstrated a profound understanding of quantum physics, without ever having been taught it. The linguists believed that this was because of their language. Their language determined their perception of the world, and thus allowed them to understand it in a vastly different way then people who speak English or French, for example. The example that was given to try to explain the difference was that instead of calling grass "grass", the Navajos would call it "growing green that reaches up to the sky". In their process of naming it as such, their concept of grass is different than our concept of grass. Do you understand the difference that language can make, just in how things are named and described? Another example that was given was how Chinese children displayed far greater mathematical understanding compared to English speaking children, and the disparity was traced back to language. The argument here is that language determines our conceptualization of numbers. In English, we say ten, twenty, thirty†¦etc. The word "twenty" gives no indication that it means "two tens". In Chinese, however, the words do give this indication (one-ten, two-ten, three-ten†¦etc). Language is so innate in us that we forget its power. But realizing how language exerts itself over everything, it is easy to understand how our conceptualization of nature as female has come to be. Our concept is a result of our language, which determines our understanding of the world. In the English language there are gendered words, which necessarily influence our belief about what they signify. Thus we say "mother nature" and without a second thought we understand nature to be female. In just that one word "mother", nature becomes conceptualized for us as female. Thus, our understanding about nature is based on this belief.

Foreign Literature

CHAPTER –II Foreign Literature Eugene F. Brigman, Fundamentals of Financial Management, 5th ed. , (Hinsdale: Holt, Richard and Winston Sounders College Publishing, 2000), pp. 840-841. Companies are increasingly employing Inventory System. A computer start with an inventory counts in memory. Withdrawals are recorded by the computer as they are made, and the inventory balance is constantly revised. When the recorded point is reached, the computer automatically places an order, when this new order is received, the recorded balance is increased.Retail stores have carried this system quite far, each item has a magnetic codes, and as on item is checked out, it passes over an electronic reader, which then adjusts the computers inventory balance, at the same time the price is fed to cash register tape. When the balance drops to the recorder point, an order is place. Foreign Literature Joe N. of gather. com, they attract the buyers by selling what they want, non-stop on a channel that' s dedicated for buyers.This is a good technique if you are trying selling something, and gaining a good audience of buyers, because you are putting the product up for advertisement, on a channel those buyers watch. You don't have to completely analyze a commercial to come to this conclusion, or to categorize a commercial under a specific technique, but just pay some attention to the main details. In Channels of Desire (1982), the Ewens trace the emergence of the consumer society through the rise of mass images and new advertising, fashion, and entertainment industries.They explore some of the ways in which desire was channeled into consumption and into desire for ever new and ever more consumer goods. In The Culture of Consumption (1983), Editors Richard Wightman Fox and T. J. Jackson Lears document how capitalism develops a culture appropriate for a society organized around the principle of profit maximization via the production and consumption of commodities.

High School and Felicia’s Life Essay

A photo of Felicia with notes from her classmates.   The friend, Briana Torres, at 16 a year older and a grade ahead of Felicia, hugged her and walked her to sixth-period English class, the girls’ arms clasped around each other’s shoulders. On the way, Felicia cheered up enough to laugh at a joke, and make a joke of her own. But there were signs of unraveling. Late Monday night, she had posted a brief Twitter message: â€Å"I cant, im done, I give up.† After school Wednesday, Felicia walked to the Staten Island Railway station where many students board trains home. She waited impatiently for the train, and as it approached, she hurled herself backward onto the tracks. A friend grabbed her arm, but she twisted free. She was pronounced dead that evening. By the time her friends began to congregate in the hospital waiting room, posting messages on Twitter and Facebook in what would become a flurry of online speculation about her death, most had pinpointed a cause: Felicia had been bullied, they said, tormented by football players on Tottenville’s undefeated team. Some said she was teased because she had piercings and lived in foster care. Others said players had spread sexual boasts about her over the weekend, after Tottenville’s 16-8 victory over Port Richmond High School. To many friends, she appeared to weather the swirl of innuendo with her usual confidence. â€Å"She never really reached out for help; she was a really tough person,† Briana said Thursday, wearing a small tribute on her left wrist — an â€Å"RIP Felicia† inked in purple. â€Å"When I dropped her off at class, I wasn’t really worried about her.† Felicia had reported the taunts to an administrator, who arranged mediation sessions between Felicia and the boys she said were harassing her. Police are now investigating her death. Neither they nor the Education Department nor the school would comment on the bullying allegations. There was already little that was easy in Felicia’s life. Friends described her childhood as a patchwork of loss and instability: both her parents died when she was young, and she d isliked living with her aunt, said Kaitlyn Antonmarchi, 15, who said she had been Felicia’s best friend since eighth grade. At one point, Felicia ran away from her aunt’s house with an older man. After she entered the foster system, she bounced in and out of different homes, dyed her dark hair red and sprouted a cluster of piercings. With her latest foster parents, Felicia finally seemed happy and stable, Kaitlyn said. Moving to the other side of Staten Island, she started high school at Tottenville, improved her grades, let the dye wash out and eliminated most piercings. At Friday’s football game, Kaitlyn said: â€Å"She looked happy. She was laughing. It didn’t look like anything was upsetting her at all.† Bullying is common at the school, classmates said, but administrators usually acted to stop it, and it rarely reached the level that Felicia experienced. Tease Felicia, and she would come back with a quick, witty retort, said Alissa Compitello, 17, a senior. â€Å"If you tried to bully her, she’d laugh at you,† she said. â€Å"Somebody must’ve said som ething pretty bad about her for this to happen. They just wouldn’t stop.† On Wednesday, Felicia had asked Karl Geiling, 15, a sophomore at Tottenville, about how his test had gone. He saw her at the train station later. â€Å"I was way down, away from her,† he said. â€Å"All I heard was screams, and then everybody went silent.† At school on Thursday, many students wore black and purple, colors often associated with anti-bullying campaigns, and met with grief counselors. A crowd of about 500 gathered at the station in the evening, many holding candles. Someone had tied purple and black balloons to a chain-link fence overlooking the tracks, with notes and a photo fluttering alongside them. As their classmates created anti-bullying Facebook pages in Felicia’s honor Wednesday night, several football players took to Twitter to protest what they saw as the wholesale tarring of the team, which is a perennial favorite to win the Public School Athletic League championship. At least two seniors have been o ffered scholarships to play Division I college football. â€Å"None of you even no half the story so stop pointing fingers at the football team,† wrote James Munson, a safety on the team and the son of the team’s coach, Jim Munson. Another player, Richy Lam, a senior, said Thursday that many members of the team had not even known Felicia. In New York, an anti-bullying statute signed in 2010, one of numerous laws passed around the country in the wake of teenage suicides, requires schools to develop policies to deter harassment of students by other students, including education programs and disciplinary procedures. Prosecutions for student bullying are rare; perhaps the best-known case is that of Dharun Ravi, who was convicted of bias intimidation and invasion of privacy charges for using a webcam to spy on his Rutgers University roommate, Tyler Clementi, who committed suicide a few days later. Mr. Ravi was sentenced to 30 days in jail. â€Å"Bullying that violates criminal law can be prosecuted criminally, but not as bullying,† said Suzanne B. Goldberg, a law professor at Columbia Law School who directs its Center for Gender and Sexuality Law. Physical violence or threats of physical violence could be prosecuted, she said, â€Å"but what most often happens is that schools and prosecutors try to keep these situations out of criminal court which can be appropriate if the school system takes the incident seriously, punishes the offender and protects the victim.† It is not clear whether anyone will be disciplined in Felicia’s case. For some students, the school’s next challenge is Friday’s football game against the rival Curtis High School team, the last of the season, which may be pushed to Sunday. Felicia was a fan. When Kaitlyn last saw her, she said, she had been planning to cheer Tottenville this weekend. â€Å"She said, ‘Yeah, I’m going,’ † Kaitlyn said. â€Å"And I said, I’ll see you there.† Al Baker and Christopher Maag contributed reporting.

Parataxis and Hypotaxis

Parataxis and Hypotaxis Parataxis and Hypotaxis Parataxis and Hypotaxis By Maeve Maddox When a reader asked me to write about â€Å"the terms parataxis and hypotaxis and how they relate to Beowulf,† I had to laugh. Don’t get me wrong. I’m quite a fan of Beowulf. Wearing my academic hat, I’ve written more than one essay about this treasure of English literature, but somehow it doesn’t strike me as a suitable topic for the DWT audience. I was pleased by the request, but put it away at the bottom of my idea file. Now, however, I’m ready to write about parataxis and hypotaxisnot as they relate to Beowulf, but as they relate to non-academic writing. parataxis: the placing of clauses one after another, without connecting words (conjunctions) to show the relation between them. Dickens employs parataxis in his opening to A Tale of Two Cities: It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way Hypotaxis, on the other hand, refers to the use of coordinating or subordinating conjunctions to indicate the relation between clauses. Here’s a passage from Beatrix Potter’s The Tale of Peter Rabbit that illustrates hypotaxis: After losing [his shoes], he ran on four legs and went faster, so that I think he might have got away altogether if he had not unfortunately run into a gooseberry net, and got caught by the large buttons on his jacket. Parataxis is common in conversation, as illustrated in this passage written by an author noted for his ability to capture contemporary speech: Actually, Chris said, you get right down to it, Phylliss the one does all the talking. She gives me banking facts about different kinds of annuities, fiduciary trusts, institutional liquid asset fundsIm sitting here trying to stay awake, shes telling me about the exciting world of trust funds. –Elmore Leonard, Freaky Deaky. Hemingway’s narrative style was so paratactic as to sound babyish: Manuel drank his brandy. He felt sleepy himself. It was too hot to go out into the town. Besides there was nothing to do. He wanted to see Zurito. He would go to sleep while he waited. Hemingway got away with it, but a college freshman or a business executive who wrote like that would not be regarded as much of a communicator. Clear writing demands connecting words like if, because, and so. As for a discussion of parataxis and hypotaxis in Beowulf, I’ll leave that to the scholars who love to argue about such things. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Redundant Phrases to Avoid44 Resume Writing TipsHow to Send Tactful Emails from a Technical Support Desk

Blockbuster Hbr Case Essay Example for Free

Blockbuster Hbr Case Essay One of Blockbuster’s biggest value drivers is geographic location. Most people, especiall in urban areas live pretty close to a Blockbuster location. Availability of titles is also a value driver that not all video stores can provide. Their reputation is also a value driver. Economies of scale are one of Blockbuster’s largest cost drivers. The ability to negotiate with movie studios with leverage while their competitors can’t as effectively win lower prices for inventory purchases gives a huge advantage. The aforementioned reasons are ammunition to defened against competitors. Geographic location and leveraging the brand name recognition are two of the most important advantages that Blockbuster has that none of its competitors can easily overcome. After the formation of Blockbuster, the first major technological substitute to come along was the DVD (the digital versatile disc) and the DIVX (digital video express disc). There was a fierce battle between these two rival substitutes as they waged war. Both were looking to become the sole technology that would replace VHS. Blockbuster remained on the sidelines for the first few years after these technologies were introduced even though 8 major motion picture studios had committed to either DIVX or DVD (6 for DIVX and 2 for DVD) Once Antioco had made a decsion as to back DVD for a multitude of reasons, Blockbuster’s decision would lead to the demise of DIVX. Antico decided that DVD offered the most promise. They were more widespread, DVD player units were more readily available and they were cheaper. About a year after Blockbuster decided to back DVD, Circuit City decided to give up on the DIVX technology. Blockbuster also faced competition from consumer’s decsion to buy DVDs as opposed to renting them(sell through). Antioco saw this as a potential threat and decided to sell through used DVDs at a discount at Blockbuster stores. Along with some promotions, such as a free rental with the purchase of a movie, Antioco’s plan was expected to triple Blockbuster’s share of the video sales market. In 2003 Disney developed a technology much like DIVX called EZ-D. The plan was eliminate the return of rented videos as the disc would be discared 48 hours after opening because a chemical would render it useless. The technology ultimately failed as Blockbuster did not back the technology because for just a few dollars more (EZ-D discs retailed at $5-$7) consumers could outright purchase a DVD with unlimited use. One of the newest substitutes to threaten blockbuster is online video sales. This market is cannabilizing Blockbuster’s sell through numbers and Blockbuster is countering with their own online sales. Another is home delivery service. Even though this service had promise with more than a few firms, they all failed for a multitude of reasons and never posed a real threat. Netflix, a video subscription service with no late fees is also a substitute that Blockbuster is facing. After much initial success, Blockbuster decided to start their own subscription pricing model in which consumers can pay a flat fee each month for unlimitied rentals at their retail outlets. Eventually adding the feature where consumers can opt to either receive/return the discs through the mail similar to netflix or to receive/return them at a retail location to satisfy an immediate need. This option gives them a competitive advantage over Netflix. Blockbuster Hbr Case. (2018, Oct 22).

The main objective of organisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The main objective of organisation - Essay Example Organisation has the objective of division of work and defining of roles. Work in an establishment is broken down into specific tasks. These tasks are then assigned to organisational units or individuals’ best suited to perform them. The methods of performing these tasks are specified. Employees are assigned specific duties or roles depending on qualifications. Organisation leads to specialisation and development of experts leading to increase in productivity. For example an analytical chemist is found in the quality control unit of the production department. The analytical chemist performs a role he is specialised in. A sales person cannot be expected to do the analytical chemist’s work. Organisation brings about uniformity and control in the performance of duties. It is important for establishments or business to have a uniform way in which things are done in every department. These roles are usually determined during the development of the different departments in the establishment. Organisation makes it easier to establish control mechanisms against variations, errors, mistakes or deviations from norm that may have negative effects. Organisation is used to facilitate coordination in an establishment. Coordination is important if the set goals are to be achieved. Coordination is the integration of the different departments of an establishment; it involves establishing relationships between and among these departments. The combined achievement through coordination is greater than individual achievement. Coordination minimises incidences of conflicts and rivalry among departments since the responsibilities of each department are clearly defined and how these departments relate to each other is also defined (Jost 30). The other objective of organisation is to ensure effective resource alignment. Resource allocation among the department should be done in a manner that will produce the best results for the

Social Response to Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social Response to Technology - Essay Example In looking at these innovations and improvements it is necessary to see what the reactions and changes have occurred within society as a result. The social response to technology in the modern world Society represents people living in proximity to one another and our interactions that result from this. Just a short time ago in the United States society was based in the mutual understanding and assistance of one neighbor to another. In the modern world we text each other when separated by a room, and as neighbors we must know each other on a social networking site before being able to get together in person. Online Dating Magazine estimates that more than 120,000 marriages every year occur as a result of online dating. (Fernandez, 2009) Society as we know it today revolves around cell phones and I-Pads making our current generation one of the most technological of all. Technology of course is not all about communication, though this is a large part of it. Technological advances over t he past 100 years have made it possible to travel into space, fly around the world without stopping, drive from coast to coast and know where we are at all times. As a result of these innovations we are able to use indoor toilets and showers that use much less water than before. As a society we are able to do more in less time and travel more as well. This new approach to life is called the leisure class; while the leisure class has always had adherents it is far more prevalent with the added technological approaches and in our current modern society. Some have defined leisure class as those rich enough to not have to work. In our modern world there is far more access to greater wealth than ever before. As a result of technological advances that have helped enact a global economic system wealth is no longer based on one’s class or background so much as their ability to gather it. According to one research the modern leisure class is not always as relaxed as the leisure class in the past. In fact many times the modern leisure class is far more interested in how they appear to others as a result of the availability of venues where one can mingle in society without necessarily interacting on a regular basis. (Veblen, 2003 p.64) One of the largest changes in society is the applications of technological advances to law enforcement. With the advent of facial recognition software and easily deployed and maintained cameras that work in the dark or light as well as the ability to endlessly stream the footage the possibilities of security beyond what we knew before are available. One of the unfortunate side effects of this on society however, is the reduction in personal liberties. The argument can be made however that society embraces these changes simply because we do it to ourselves through social networks and the use of other technologies. A new system being deployed is the Incident Command System directly applied to Facebook, twitter and other social media s ites. In one study commissioned by the Red Cross, â€Å"74 percent expected help to come less than an hour after their tweet or Facebook post.† (Miller, 2011) In conclusion we can see that for every advance there is the possibility of social problems, we can also see that society itself promotes the use of these various tools within itself. Society may have some problems adjusting however; many of these advancements have been and will continue to be beneficial. While physical contact seems to have been reduced used properly technology can increase

Ethiopia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethiopia - Essay Example The major ethnic groups inhabiting Ethiopia are Oromo (40 percent), Amhara (20 percent), Tigrayan (12 percent) and Sidama (9 percent) (Cities of the World, 2002). Amharic happens to be the Official language of Ethiopia. The other languages spoken in Ethiopia include English, Italian, Tigriyna, French, Oromiffa, Arabic, Afara and Somali (Cities of the World, 2002). Nearly 45 percent of the Ethiopians happen to be adherents of Ethiopian Orthodox Church while an approximately the same number are affiliated to Islam. Since the fall of the Marxist regime in 1991, Ethiopia has decentralized its economic planning and has opted for open market policies (Cities of the World, 2002). Agriculture stands to be the most promising sector in Ethiopia that contributes more then 50 percent of its GDP and roughly 80 percent of all the Ethiopian exports (Cities of the World, 2002). Ethiopia has one of the most underdeveloped infrastructures in Africa. The economic problems in rural Ethiopia happened to be rampant and widespread. Thus, the unleashing of agrarian reforms in Ethiopia was essential to give boost to its ailing economy. The unique climate and topography of Ethiopia defined by dry deserts and drought and famine were primarily responsible for the pathetically low agricultural productivity in Ethiopia. The poor agricultural infrastructure and the recurrent famines in Ethiopia gave way to a large-scale poverty in the rural communities. The scarce rainfall depleted the fertility of the agricultural land and thus appropriate measures needed to be taken to improve soil fertility and the gross agricultural productivity. The Pattern of land occupancy in Ethiopia has been very intricate and complex. For example, in Welo province only there existed more then 111 types of land tenure systems (Economy Watch, 2009). Therefore, these utterly complex and confusing land tenure systems combined with very scarce knowledge and information about the land conditions made it difficult to estimate and qualify the land ownership throughout Ethiopia (Economy Watch, 2009). Thus, a pragmatic approach towards introducing land reforms in Ethiopia made it a must to grasp the nature of differences existing in the varied patterns of land ownership in the North and the South (Economy Watch, 2009). The prevalent patterns of land ownership in Ethiopia made it next to impossible the achievement of economic objectives like an increase in the agricultural productivity and an uplifting of the economic conditions of the Ethiopian peasants. Thus, the state and the intelligentsia in Ethiopia soon came to realize the inevitability of agrarian reforms to rescue Ethiopia from the economic morass in which it was caught. Sometime in the 60s, large sections of the student community started campaigning for the introduction of the land reforms in E

Causes and Impacts of Workplace Conflict

Causes and Impacts of Workplace Conflict Workplace Conflict Executive Summary Conflict is something familiar to our daily life. It would happen in workplace, family, school and any other places. This report will focus on conflict in the workplace: Why is necessary to know how to deal with workplace conflict? How to manage and ravel out the workplace conflict? This report will discuss implication of conflict, causes result in conflict, importance of resolving workplace conflict, managing conflict, conclusion and a recommendation for workplace conflict. Introduction Conflict is a part of work. It is a disagreement resulting from individuals or groups that they have different attitudes, beliefs, values or needs. Conflict also a typical phenomenon of people’s relationship in workplace. Sometimes the individual is not aware of the need and unconsciously starts to act out. In the workplace conflict is one of the biggest problems for managers and employees to face. It is hard to find out conflict before it become a difficulty and resolve completely. Conflict does not go away if ignored. Causes result in conflict Causes of conflict are complex. Understand how conflict arises at work can be very helpful for anticipating situations that may become trouble. There are six major causes will lead to a workplace conflict, include (G Corkindale 2007): Different cultures and assumptions Differing values, opinions and beliefs Lack of sensitivity to race, gender, age, class, education and ability Poor people skills, especially communication Volatile, fast-changing workplaces Limits on resources, physical and psychological These are the most direct causes result in conflict. The real causes of conflict may be deep lying, other forms of conflict may not be so easily identified. Find out exactly conflict is the first step to resolve the conflict. Implication conflict Conflict is mutual. It includes two different types: individual and group. Sometime it is obvious, but generally it is conceal. How can the managers recognize symptoms before the conflict take place so that the damage becomes the least? Here are some symptoms of conflict. They might include (Allagi Consulting 2008): Not completing work on-time or to quality goals Gossip Not returning phone calls or e-mails Passive/aggressive behaviors Not responding to requests for information Hoarding information that should be shared Finger pointing Not attending required meetings Absenteeism The sooner the managers see the sign, the sooner they can intervene and resolve the problem. Resolve the problem as soon as possible is helpful to reduce the damage and losses. Managing conflict As say before, conflict is a normal and natural part of workplace, it influence the work can be done or not, well or bad. Dealing with workplace conflict can be rewarding. Conflicts that arise because of personality clashes can be exacerbated by organizational structures and personalities. But addressing conflict in the workplace and resolving these issues can result in creative ideas, improvements, enhanced work relationships, and a healthier work environment. After recognize the reason of conflict, there are five steps to managing conflict. These steps are: Determine the cause. Collect data enough data. Ask for information and be sure to involve the individual in discussions. Do not become defensive or personalize issues. Collaborate on solutions. Use a â€Å"yes†¦ and† response to build on potential solutions. Avoid using a â€Å"yes†¦ but† response, which wants to change focus back onto the problem and away from solutions. If possible, always engage key stakeholders in developing solutions. This will help more easily to make the decision how to solve the conflict. Provide alternative options. People more likely to feel empowered when they are a part of a decision making process. This always helps to abate the conflict, make people more satisfaction. Communicate key decisions. Choose the most appropriate way to communicate with others. This might include meeting one by one with those involved, Be sure to involve who will support to solve the conflict. Implement solutions. When challenged be calm, re-focus on the main problem, depend on the situation, discuss the argument and tell the truth. Don’t get angry or rude, this will only make position weaken and hard to solve the problem. (Red Ladder 2006) There are many important skills involve in these five steps. Importantly, just follow the theory is not enough, a good method for resolve work conflict must be ‘adjust measures to local conditions’. Conclusion Workplace conflict exists between individuals and groups, it may lead to a series of negative influence to the organization. When people work together, cultural differences, gender differences, style differences, all kinds of differences occur. Resolve and avoid the conflict in workplace may increase effectiveness for work. Effectively managed work conflict has many positive results for the organization even our life. Create a harmonious workplace is a win-win situation. Now a day’s workplace makes conflict management more important, also, more difficult. After all, interpersonal skill is necessary, to communicate is one of the best ways to solution a conflict. Recommendations When a conflict take place, it is not just a sign for ‘bad’, sometimes, it means innovation and a more harmonious workplace has found. When be in a conflict in workplace, do not ‘hide head in sand’, try to face it and resolve it. Improve communication skill, develop emotional intelligence, respects others, these are all helpful to avoid conflict. References Gill Corkindale, 2007, ‘How to Manage Conflict’, viewed 22May 2008, Allagi Consulting, 2008, ‘How can you recognize conflict in your team’, viewed 23 May 2008, Conservation Technology Information Center (CTIC), ‘Managing Conflict’, viewed 23 May 2008, Red Ladder, 2006, ‘Five steps for handling work conflict’, viewed 23 May 2008,

Abolish or Reform? :: essays research papers

Throughout the world, students are encouraged to attend high school and continue their education. However, many students find it worthless and become uninspired. They blame the faculty, school policies, and fellow students, when they should be blaming themselves. Unchallenging course work is most likely a sign that the student isn’t taking a hard enough course. During my high school experience, students had the opportunity to take college courses through our high school. This gave the more advanced students a chance to practice the same routine as â€Å"normal† students, but still challenge and educate themselves. Abolishing high school would not solve any problems in our educational system. There are many ways to improve upon our school system; however, we need to start at the beginning. In an essay by Harley Tong, high school is portrayed as â€Å"a waste of time and a struggle to remain interested in schoolwork.† He continues to describe his own experiences and how they led him to begin his college career two years earlier than most students. He complains of the way that he was physically and verbally abused by other students, which is the case in many high schools. High school is not only a cognitive learning environment; it is also a social learning environment. Students learn how to communicate with fellow pupils, teachers and administrators. They find out how to come independent from their parents and how to prepare for the rest of their lives. I believe that Harley Tong was simply too advanced for his surroundings. He most likely found the other students immature and didn’t fit in with them. In his case, he found a solution to attend a community college instead of his high school, which I commend him for. Many students in his situation would simp ly drop out, and that is not the answer. George F. Will’s â€Å"College President’s Plan: Abolish High School† conveys ideas that had never crossed my mind. He states, â€Å"For various reasons, some rooted in American history and others reflecting recent developments, education has become, for the moment, the most salient social concern and therefore the most potent political issue.† Will introduces Leon Botstein, who doesn’t actually option to abolish high school, just to change the structure of our schools in general. Botstein says that high school was created for 15- to 18-year-olds who were still children. In today’s society, those children are now young adults who are physiologically and psychologically more advanced.

Role of A Computer Programmer

Computer programmers write, test, and maintain the detailed instructions, called programs, that computers must follow to perform their functions. They also conceive, design, and test logical structures for solving problems by computer. Many technical innovations in programming-advanced computing technologies and sophisticated new languages and programming tools-have redefined the role of a programmer and elevated much of the programming work done today. Job titles and descriptions may vary, depending on the organization. Computer programs tell the computer what to do, which information to identify and access, how to process it, and what equipment to use. Programs vary widely depending upon the type of information to be accessed or generated. For example, the instructions involved in updating financial records are very different from those required to duplicate conditions on board an aircraft for pilots training in a flight simulator. Although simple programs can be written in a few hours, programs that use complex mathematical formulas, whose solutions can only be approximated, or that draw data from many existing systems may require more than a year of work. In most cases, several programmers work together as a team under a senior programmer's supervision. Programmers write programs according to the specifications determined primarily by computer software engineers and systems analysts. After the design process is complete, it is the job of the programmer to convert that design into a logical series of instructions that the computer can follow. The programmer then codes these instructions in a conventional programming language, such as COBOL; an artificial intelligence language, such as Prolog; or one of the most advanced object-oriented languages such as Java, C++, or Smalltalk. Different programming languages are used depending on the purpose of the program. COBOL, for example, is commonly used for business applications, whereas Fortran (short for â€Å"formula translation†) is used in science and engineering. C++ is widely used for both scientific and business applications. Many programmers at the enterprise level are also expected to know platform-specific languages used in database programming. Programmers generally know more than one programming language and, because many languages are similar, they often can learn new languages relatively easily. In practice, programmers often are referred to by the language they know, as are Java programmers, or the type of function they perform or environment in which they work, which is the case for database programmers, mainframe programmers, or Web programmers. Programmers often are grouped into two broad types, applications programmers and systems programmers. Applications programmers write programs to handle a specific job, such as a program to track inventory within an organization. They may also revise existing packaged software or customize generic applications called middleware. Systems programmers, on the other hand, write programs to maintain and control computer systems software, such as operating systems, networked systems, and database systems. These workers make changes in the sets of instructions that determine how the network, workstations, and central processing unit of the system handle the various jobs they have been given, and how they communicate with peripheral equipment such as terminals, printers, and disk drives. Because of their knowledge of the entire computer system, systems programmers often help applications programmers to determine the source of problems that may occur with their programs. Most systems programmers hold a 4-year degree in computer science. Extensive knowledge of a variety of operating systems is essential for such workers. This includes being able to configure an operating system to work with different types of hardware and having the skills needed to adapt the operating system to best meet the needs of a particular organization. Systems programmers also must be able to work with database systems, such as DB2, Oracle, or Sybase. Programmers in software development companies may work directly with experts from various fields to create software, either programs designed for specific clients or packaged software for general use, ranging from games and educational software to programs for desktop publishing and financial planning. Much of this type of programming takes place in the preparation of packaged software, which constitutes one of the most rapidly growing segments of the computer services industry. In some organizations, particularly small ones, workers commonly known as programmer-analysts are responsible for both the systems analysis and the actual programming work. Advanced programming languages and new object-oriented programming capabilities are increasing the efficiency and productivity of both programmers and users. The transition from a mainframe environment to one that is based primarily on personal computers (PCs) has blurred the once rigid distinction between the programmer and the user. Increasingly, adept end-users are taking over many of the tasks previously performed by programmers. For example, the growing use of packaged software, such as spreadsheet and database management software packages, allows users to write simple programs to access data and perform calculations. Required skills vary from job to job, but the demand for various skills generally is driven by changes in technology. Employers using computers for scientific or engineering applications usually prefer college graduates who have degrees in computer or information science, mathematics, engineering, or the physical sciences. Graduate degrees in related fields are required for some jobs. Employers who use computers for business applications prefer to hire people who have had college courses in management information systems (MIS) and business and who possess strong programming skills. Although knowledge of traditional languages still is important, employers are placing increasing emphasis on newer, object-oriented programming languages and tools, such as C++ and Java. Additionally, employers are seeking persons familiar with fourth- and fifth-generation languages that involve graphic user interface (GUI) and systems programming. Employers also prefer applicants who have general business skills and experience related to the operations of the firm.

Jit Application in Toyota Company

JIT Application in Toyota Company Toyota is one of very large company in automobile. In their production, Toyota Company has applied JIT (Just in Time) approach in their manufacturing. The advantages of using JIT approach is to reduce or minimize the waste of production, reduce hands-off, reduce re-work and any other delays on manufacturing process. One of characteristic in JIT approach is the flow of work. Parts or component of material will flow from one work center to many others with intermediate storage, and flow into work centers will also come from many work centers with intermediate storage.In the large company like Toyota, this approach is the most suitable to be applied. The derivative applications of JIT approach is karban system. Karban means â€Å"card† or â€Å"visible record† and refers to cards used to control the flow of production through a factory. Karban is useful system for company like Toyota that has many work centers. For example there are two wo rk centers with difference function, work center 1 is to producing component parts and work center 2 is to making assemblies. And there is an intermediate storage area for component parts.Let say Work Center 1 is producing component 101 and 102. After do production, that components will move to intermediate storage part and each component is labeled with kanban card 101 and 102 that contain component’s information. If Work Center 2 is need part 101 in assembly, the box 101 (labeled card 101) will moved to Work Center 2 and so on for box 102. Toyota uses a â€Å"two-card† kanban system. The first is transport or conveyance, card, which moves container of parts from one stock location to another. The second is a production card, which authorizes production.

With close reference to language examine how fitting a close Act 5 scene II forms to the play Essays

With close reference to language examine how fitting a close Act 5 scene II forms to the play Essays With close reference to language examine how fitting a close Act 5 scene II forms to the play Paper With close reference to language examine how fitting a close Act 5 scene II forms to the play Paper the Queen Gertrude and Claudius himself are dead. These characters meet their end either through carnal, bloody, and unnatural acts, accidental judgements, casual slaughters or Of deaths put on by cunning and forcd cause. When Hamlet puts Denmark in the hands of Fortinbras and dies on the throne, he is bringing an end to all the corruption that Denmark suffered during Claudiuss reign. Hence we see that Act 5 scene ii, is a fitting close to the play Hamlet because, all the relationships, corruption and plotting that had begun in the beginning of the play has come to a halt, and has ended. We are given a last insight into the characters of Claudius and Gertrude, in their dying lines. O my dear Hamlet! The drink, the drink! I am poisond. We see her love for her son Hamlet. And her loyalty toward Claudius, even while on her death bed she wont give away his secret; that he has poisoned the wine to kill Hamlet. O yet defend me, friends. I am but hurt. Very characteristic of Claudius, who was possessive of the power and authority he had gained by killing his brother. He is so possessive of the power and authority that he is not willing to give it up, even when he is dying. The most important element that makes this scene a fitting close to the play is the restoration of order into the troubled state of Denmark. In his dying speech Hamlet hands over Denmarks Sovereignty to Fortinbras. This would have put the Elizabethan audiences mind at rest, as they strongly believed in order; and considered it extremely essential in the running of a country.

The Pain of Transformation essay

The Pain of Transformation essay The Pain of Transformation essay The Pain of Transformation essayBlack Swan is a psychological thriller with the twisted plot and the bright performance.   Directed by Darren Aronofsky   Ã‚  in 2010, this movie has provoked a lot of discussions among critics. Natalie Portman, who plays a young and talented ballerina dancing in a prestigious New York City company, creates an illusory and frightening reality and invites the audience to share this reality with her. The plot is complex and  twisted. Nina Sayers (Natalie Portman) gets the lead role in Tchaikovsky’s famous ballet Swan Lake. This role becomes a hard ordeal for her. Her perfect dancing technique turns to be not sufficient for ideal performance and Nina has to pass the long way discovering her dark side. The plot of the movie is an interpretation of Tchaikovsky’s ballet and the main character of the movie has to pass her way from White Swan which symbolizes innocence and purity to Black Swan which reveals her black side and hidden passion s.  The name of the movie is very symbolic, because â€Å"the black swan† becomes the symbol for everything hidden and suppressed, which Nina has to explore while preparing for the performance.   Step by step Nina’s old personality has been ruined and changed by her new self. The process is painful and we can see the collapse of Nina’s personality accompanied by phobias, hysteria   and hallucinations. Nina has to leave her innocent world of purity guarded by her suppressive mother and enter the world of passion,   love   and betray. On her way she meets all possible fears and doubts. She has to leave her old personality in order to gain her new self. This nearly costs her a life, but she succeeds and her last words I felt it. Perfect. It was perfect   prove this.The movie is shot with hand-held camera which adds it realism.   Aronofsky uses this method on purpose in order to create extra tension and make the audience enter his characters’ re ality.   This reality is twisted and sometimes horrifying but if we make all the way together with the characters we may feel that liberation and perfection felt by Nina in her final dance.

Analysis Of The Medical Marketplace Health And Social Care Essay

Although my brother was a comparatively healthy babe, he suffered from terrible asthma onslaughts. At the clip, the interventions of asthma onslaughts were unwritten bronchodilators because inhalators were non readily available to be purchased in Nigeria. The customary process for antagonizing reoccurring asthma onslaughts was for one to see their physician, who would order one an unwritten bronchodilator that one could so buy from their local pharmaceutics. So my female parent took my brother to our local baby doctor who examined him and prescribed the unwritten bronchodilator, aminophylline. ( Harmonizing to the NIH, aminophylline is used to forestall and handle wheezing, shortness of breath, and trouble external respiration caused by asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and other lung diseases. It relaxes and opens air transitions in the lungs, doing it easier to take a breath ) . She so went to our local pharmaceutics to buy the aminophylline with the trade name name Franol. As a pediatrician-in-training, my Dad vehemently agreed with this determination and was the primary force in forcing the visit to the physician. He remembered that there were non many other merchandises on the Nigerian market that would be effectual. My female parent gave him one pill instantly and took him place to rest. Weeks subsequently my ma, a physician-in-training herself, was reading a local medical diary when she came to an article about forgery Franol. The article stated that there was imitative Franol on the market that was being distributed to all the pharmaceuticss in the state. Could I hold given my boy bogus medicine † , my female parent idea. This was in fact the instance. Even though the Franol had the exact same pill signifier and was the exact same medicine that had been successful in so many other instances, the Franol she had given to her boy was forgery. She was devastated: â€Å" I merely could n’t believe it † . Unfortunately, this was non her lone experience with imitative medicine ; anti-malarial forgeries were besides common in Nigeria. This occurred in the late eightiess as was mentioned before. One would hold expected that things have gotten much better. Unfortunately, non much had changed when my pa visited earlier this twelvemonth. In fact, as my male parent provinces, some facets have become even more inferior: â€Å" some things are worse as doctors now openly divert patients to their private clinics, something that was barely seen during my clip at that place † . So the basic inquiry that most would inquire is: why has at that place been so small alteration in the efficaciousness of the medical market place? Why can the Nigerian medical market place non germinate to go like that of the United States or others that are smartly regulated? The inquiry is more sophisticated answer than one would anticipate In fact, these inquiries can merely be answered by analysing another inquiry and the cardinal issue of my treatment: how and why does the efficaciousness of the Nigerian medical market place differ from the American system? To be clear, when I mention medical market place, I am specifically mentioning to the buying, merchandising, and efficaciousness of pharmaceuticals and equipment as they are distributed and wheedled in the community to ordain good wellness. Before I delve more profoundly into the issue, it is necessary to set the treatment into context with a elaborate description of Nigeria ( in contrast with the U.S. ) including critical statistics and wellness attention systems, among other things. With a late counted population of more than 144 million people, Nigeria is the most thickly settled state in Africa. Compare this to somewhat more than 300 million in the United States. Located in West Africa, it is somewhat more than twice the size of California and boundary lines the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon. Life anticipation is 44 old ages and 45 per centum of the population is under 15 old ages of age ( Chankova et al. , 1 ) , while life anticipation in the U.S. is about 70 old ages of age. The under-five mortality rate per 1,000 unrecorded births is 201 while the maternal mortality rate is estimate at 800 per 100,000 unrecorded births ( 1 ) . Among the major subscribers to the disease load of the state are malaria, TB, and HIV/AIDS. There are great disparities in wellness position and equity of wellness attention among different population groups in Nigeria. For illustration â€Å" the under-five mortality rate in rural countries is estimated at 243 per 1,000 unrecorded births, compared to 153 per 1,000 in urban countries. While 59 per centum of adult females in urban countries deliver with a physician, nurse, or mid married woman, merely 26 per centum of adult females in rural countries do so † ( 1 ) . Harmonizing to the World Health Organization, the entire outgo on wellness in Nigeria as per centum of GDP is equal to 4.1, about four times less than that of the United State at 15.5 per centum. The national wellness attention policies, schemes, and guidelines have been mostly related to turn to the wellness jobs related to malaria, TB, and HIV/AIDS. â€Å" A five-year strategic program for RBM was developed with chief aims to cut down the morbidity and mortality of malaria by 25 per centum by the terminal of 2005, peculiarly among pregnant adult females ; and to cut down malaria instance human death by 10 per centum in pregnant adult females and kids by the terminal of 2005 † ( 2 ) . However, these attempts have mostly been uneffective because of corruptness and inefficiency. The wellness service proviso in Nigeria includes a broad scope of suppliers in both the populace and private sector, such as public installations, every bit good as community based and religions based organisations. Nigeria is a federation with three grades of authorities: federal, province, and local. Responsibility for wellness service to the populace is based on this organisation. Each degree has a primary function in this wellness duty, which is non unlike that of the U.S. The first degree of attention is local. Facilities at this degree organize the entry point of the community into the wellness attention system. â€Å" They include wellness centres and clinics, dispensaries, and wellness stations, supplying general preventative, healing, and pre-referral attention. Primary installations are typically staffed by nurses, community wellness officers, community wellness extension workers, and environmental wellness officers. Local Government Areas are mandated by the fundamental law to finance and manage primary wellness attention † ( 2 ) . The following degree is province, including secondary attention installations. Secondary attention installations include â€Å" general infirmaries, supplying general medical and research lab services, every bit good as specialized wellness services, such as surgery, paediatricss, OBs and gynaecology. General infirmaries are typically staffed by doctors, nurses, accoucheuses, research lab and pharmaceutics spe cializers, and community wellness officers. Secondary degree installations serve as referral points for primary wellness attention installations. Each territory or zone is expected to hold at least one secondary degree wellness installation † ( 2 ) . The largest degree of attention is federal or third. The third degree installations form the highest degree of wellness attention in the state and include specializer and instruction infirmaries and federal medical centres. They treat patients referred from the primary and secondary degree and have particular expertness and â€Å" fully fledged technological capacity that enables them to function as referral centres and resource centres for cognition coevals and diffusion. Each province has at least one third installation. Primary and secondary degree of attention is besides provided by the mostly unregulated private wellness sector, which includes a broad scope of suppliers such as physician patterns, clinics, and infirmaries â €  ( 2 ) . Outside of the modern wellness attention system, faith-based organisations support clinics and infirmaries and traditional herb doctors are another often used beginning of attention. Nigeria has one of the largest stocks of human resources for wellness in Africa comparable merely to Egypt and South Africa. There are about 35,000 physicians and 210,000 nurses registered in the state, which translates into 28 physicians and 170 nurses per 100,000 in the population. ( 3 ) . However, this figure is still dwarfed by the United States. In comparing, the U.S has 218 physicians and 958 nurses per 100,000. In add-on, there is a really limited ( about non-existent ) local capacity for research and development of advanced pharmaceutical drugs to be put in to the medical market place. This means that the local fabrication capacity is merely geared towards a little category of common generic merchandises that are comparatively easy to fabricate. Even so, much of that capacity is for secondary packaging instead than for existent fabrication. Harmonizing to my male parent: â€Å" capacity use is merely approximately 40 % due to hapless basic substructure such as electric power coevals † . Imagine what that excess 40 per centum could make. In footings of the medical market place, a prescription is non needed to purchase antibiotics and most common medicines in Nigeria. Prescriptions are merely needed for controlled substances like opiods or benzodiazepines. Peoples can acquire ill and walk into a pharmaceutics inquiring for a peculiar sort of antibiotic. An immediate return of antibiotics is non possible without a prescription in the U.S. As good, Nigeria relies to a great extent on importing of finished pharmaceutical merchandises to run into national drug demands. Therefore, the pharmaceutical supply concatenation is really helter-skelter and until late was really ill regulated. Even so, the current regulative system has really limited capacity, particularly with the widespread corruptness and unequal enforcement of Torahs and ordinances, some of which are long disused. Unlike in the US, go oning instruction is non emphasized. Health attention suppliers frequently are non held decently accountable for their determina tions on attention, mostly because the patients are by and large uninformed and unempowered to be spouses in their attention. Added to all of the above is the fact that there is widespread superstitious notion, ignorance, and poorness. Many people still believe an unwellness to be a expletive visited on them by wicked/evil people or the spirit of their ascendants. There are still deep rooted beliefs in enchantresss. As a consequence, people foremost consult mediums, churches, mosques, traditional medical specialty men/women, and untrained drug shop attenders for intervention of common complaints. Others self-medicate. Often, the people use the infirmary or trained physician ‘s office as a last resort when their conditions are in advanced phases or worse, terminal. Let me besides add that in infirmaries and exigency suites, drugs and other supplies are frequently non-existent. In fact, my pa recounted sing a kids ‘s exigency room 6 old ages back: â€Å" I remember sing a kids ‘s exigency room in 2004 when we visited merely to see a kid with diabetic coma whose parents were told to travel to a pharmaceutics shop in town to purchase their ain insulin, syringe, needle, extract set, and extract, among other supplies needed. As if that was non bad plenty, subsequently he was told by the physicians in the exigency room that the insulin he bought was forgery and that it will non cut down the girl ‘s blood sugar. He now had to travel looking for a echt insulin injection † . An incident like this is can ne’er go on in the United States. If this were to go on in the U.S. and be reported by the imperativeness, there would instantly be an probe into the infirmary ‘s method, people would be arrested and caputs would tur n over. But in Nigeria, no one even water chickweeds. Subsequently my male parent recounted some more of his experiences with the medical market place in Nigeria: â€Å" In 2005, I was in another infirmary to see the caput of the infirmary who used to be my co-worker in the section of paediatricss of a teaching infirmary in another metropolis. While chew the fating with him, his caput of surgery came into his office to inform him that they can non make any surgery that twenty-four hours because they have run out of all surgical kits but one, which they are reserving for a desperate exigency † . One must maintain in head that these two incidents occurred in the really best and largest infirmaries in those two several metropoliss. Imagine a sawbones in New York City non being able to execute life-saving surgery because he has merely one surgical kit left to utilize. What tumult would such a thing cause! These two incidents and the aforesaid issues are among the many factors that foster the counterfeiting of drugs and have led to th eir overpowering presence in the Nigerian medical market place. In an interview with my ma, she stated, â€Å" they say that 60-70 % of pharmaceuticals in the market topographic point of Nigeria were imitative † . However, in my interview of my male parent he refuted that statistic: â€Å" of pharmaceutical merchandises in the market, approximately 20 % are estimated to be imitative † . So which statistic is accurate? Well, merely the fact that there is some difference as to the sum of forgeries on the market suggests that there is an innate job with the information that is distributed to the population. My parents are highly educated compared to the mean Nigerian, yet there still seems to be some dissension. â€Å" Everyone involved in contending the illegal trade admit how hard it is to quantify the job and hence step its success † . As stated by Abiodun Raufu of the World Health Organization, the forgery market thrives on ignorance among the people: â€Å" In 2001, most Nigerian consumers were unmindful to the danger of f orgery drugs. ‘Fake drug traders used to boom chiefly because of a deficiency of consciousness ‘ [ stated Dora Akunyil ] . Warnings were broadcast on wireless and telecasting to do the public aware of the dangers and to promote people to describe leery drugs. Newspapers on a regular basis published lists on forgery drugs. Last twelvemonth, fake drugs deserving about two billion naira ( US $ 16 million! ) were voluntarily handed over by forgers or seized after tip-offs from the populace † . Progression is being made but his deficiency of consciousness will finally forestall the cognition of caution from spreading through the population. How does this contrast with the U.S. ? Surprisingly, there is a turning job of forgery drugs in the U.S. every bit good because of the turning disposition of upper category society to seek â€Å" non-traditional † medicine imported from different states. Harmonizing to the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medi cine: ‘more than one-third ( about 36 % ) of U.S grownups use complementary and alternate medical specialty and that figure is on the rise † . Let ‘s travel back to the about tragic narrative of my older brother and his terrible asthma onslaughts. Although the consequence was about tragic, my ma did what she was supposed to make. She gave her boy medicine that she expected to assist alleviate his symptoms. So whose mistake was it? Depending on who you ask the reply will change, most patients will fault the physician because he was the 1 who wrote the prescription. Others will fault the druggist because he was the 1 who bottled the medicine as if it was the exact same medicine. Still others will fault themselves for giving their kid medicine that hurt them. To this twenty-four hours, my ma blames herself for what occurred and remains cautious when she gives her kids medicine. Even so, indicating the finger is non of import in this state of affairs. More of import than who is to fault is analysing whether the state of affairs is still salvageable. At some point in every issue or treatment, there is a point of no return, where any solution becomes inaccessible. Could the medical market place in Nigeria have already been packed to the top with so many forgery drugs that it will be impossible to blush them all out, or at least to the degree of tolerability? Still, some argue that an chance exists for betterment in the Nigerian pharmaceutical sector and the full wellness attention system. There was a recent U.S. wellness attention reform jurisprudence passed in March 2010. While the jurisprudence ( Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act [ PPACA ] ) remains controversial, the jurisprudence expanded coverage to the antecedently uninsured and those with preexisting medical conditions, provided single authorizations so that those who are healthy can purchase insurance coverage thereby avoiding an unduly big bad pool that the insurance companies may be left with, and developed the program for the constitution of Patient Centered Outcome Research Institute ( PCORI ) to measure comparative effectivity of attention, among many other commissariats ( Kruger ) . Many Nigerian physicians, particularly those in the U.S. have discussed the possibility of suggesting statute law that has elements of this American statute law. There is talk that such a proviso may come up on the national treatment in the following 10 old ages. Besides, Nigeria has been at the head of planetary attempts to contend forgery drugs since Dora Akunyili took over the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control ( NAFDAC ) in 2001 ( Raufu ) . â€Å" Before Akunyili took over, staff abused their place to extort money from honest makers at the same clip as taking payoff from forgers in return for entree to the Nigerian medical specialties market. Akunyili fired the most corrupt of her officers. To promote honestness among her staying 3000 staff and to hike morale, she offered inducements such as preparation abroad, improved installations and a better working environment † . Nevertheless, no affair how promising this sounds, the obliteration of such jobs as counterfeiting is non even remotely close. The solution to these jobs ( which besides reflects what is go oning within the full society ) rests with leading. As my male parent pr ovinces: â€Å" Nigerian leaders and elites non merely steal public money instead than utilize such money to for the greater good of the people, they and their households fly abroad for their wellness attention and their kids ‘s instruction. So they lack the will or involvement to do things better for the generalization of the population † . Furthermore, nil in the medical market place will alter because leading will ne’er basically change for the greater good of the people of Nigeria. The point of no return has been reached. Analysis Of The Medical Marketplace Health And Social Care Essay Although my brother was a comparatively healthy babe, he suffered from terrible asthma onslaughts. At the clip, the interventions of asthma onslaughts were unwritten bronchodilators because inhalators were non readily available to be purchased in Nigeria. The customary process for antagonizing reoccurring asthma onslaughts was for one to see their physician, who would order one an unwritten bronchodilator that one could so buy from their local pharmaceutics. So my female parent took my brother to our local baby doctor who examined him and prescribed the unwritten bronchodilator, aminophylline. ( Harmonizing to the NIH, aminophylline is used to forestall and handle wheezing, shortness of breath, and trouble external respiration caused by asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and other lung diseases. It relaxes and opens air transitions in the lungs, doing it easier to take a breath ) . She so went to our local pharmaceutics to buy the aminophylline with the trade name name Franol. As a pediatrician-in-training, my Dad vehemently agreed with this determination and was the primary force in forcing the visit to the physician. He remembered that there were non many other merchandises on the Nigerian market that would be effectual. My female parent gave him one pill instantly and took him place to rest. Weeks subsequently my ma, a physician-in-training herself, was reading a local medical diary when she came to an article about forgery Franol. The article stated that there was imitative Franol on the market that was being distributed to all the pharmaceuticss in the state. Could I hold given my boy bogus medicine † , my female parent idea. This was in fact the instance. Even though the Franol had the exact same pill signifier and was the exact same medicine that had been successful in so many other instances, the Franol she had given to her boy was forgery. She was devastated: â€Å" I merely could n’t believe it † . Unfortunately, this was non her lone experience with imitative medicine ; anti-malarial forgeries were besides common in Nigeria. This occurred in the late eightiess as was mentioned before. One would hold expected that things have gotten much better. Unfortunately, non much had changed when my pa visited earlier this twelvemonth. In fact, as my male parent provinces, some facets have become even more inferior: â€Å" some things are worse as doctors now openly divert patients to their private clinics, something that was barely seen during my clip at that place † . So the basic inquiry that most would inquire is: why has at that place been so small alteration in the efficaciousness of the medical market place? Why can the Nigerian medical market place non germinate to go like that of the United States or others that are smartly regulated? The inquiry is more sophisticated answer than one would anticipate In fact, these inquiries can merely be answered by analysing another inquiry and the cardinal issue of my treatment: how and why does the efficaciousness of the Nigerian medical market place differ from the American system? To be clear, when I mention medical market place, I am specifically mentioning to the buying, merchandising, and efficaciousness of pharmaceuticals and equipment as they are distributed and wheedled in the community to ordain good wellness. Before I delve more profoundly into the issue, it is necessary to set the treatment into context with a elaborate description of Nigeria ( in contrast with the U.S. ) including critical statistics and wellness attention systems, among other things. With a late counted population of more than 144 million people, Nigeria is the most thickly settled state in Africa. Compare this to somewhat more than 300 million in the United States. Located in West Africa, it is somewhat more than twice the size of California and boundary lines the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon. Life anticipation is 44 old ages and 45 per centum of the population is under 15 old ages of age ( Chankova et al. , 1 ) , while life anticipation in the U.S. is about 70 old ages of age. The under-five mortality rate per 1,000 unrecorded births is 201 while the maternal mortality rate is estimate at 800 per 100,000 unrecorded births ( 1 ) . Among the major subscribers to the disease load of the state are malaria, TB, and HIV/AIDS. There are great disparities in wellness position and equity of wellness attention among different population groups in Nigeria. For illustration â€Å" the under-five mortality rate in rural countries is estimated at 243 per 1,000 unrecorded births, compared to 153 per 1,000 in urban countries. While 59 per centum of adult females in urban countries deliver with a physician, nurse, or mid married woman, merely 26 per centum of adult females in rural countries do so † ( 1 ) . Harmonizing to the World Health Organization, the entire outgo on wellness in Nigeria as per centum of GDP is equal to 4.1, about four times less than that of the United State at 15.5 per centum. The national wellness attention policies, schemes, and guidelines have been mostly related to turn to the wellness jobs related to malaria, TB, and HIV/AIDS. â€Å" A five-year strategic program for RBM was developed with chief aims to cut down the morbidity and mortality of malaria by 25 per centum by the terminal of 2005, peculiarly among pregnant adult females ; and to cut down malaria instance human death by 10 per centum in pregnant adult females and kids by the terminal of 2005 † ( 2 ) . However, these attempts have mostly been uneffective because of corruptness and inefficiency. The wellness service proviso in Nigeria includes a broad scope of suppliers in both the populace and private sector, such as public installations, every bit good as community based and religions based organisations. Nigeria is a federation with three grades of authorities: federal, province, and local. Responsibility for wellness service to the populace is based on this organisation. Each degree has a primary function in this wellness duty, which is non unlike that of the U.S. The first degree of attention is local. Facilities at this degree organize the entry point of the community into the wellness attention system. â€Å" They include wellness centres and clinics, dispensaries, and wellness stations, supplying general preventative, healing, and pre-referral attention. Primary installations are typically staffed by nurses, community wellness officers, community wellness extension workers, and environmental wellness officers. Local Government Areas are mandated by the fundamental law to finance and manage primary wellness attention † ( 2 ) . The following degree is province, including secondary attention installations. Secondary attention installations include â€Å" general infirmaries, supplying general medical and research lab services, every bit good as specialized wellness services, such as surgery, paediatricss, OBs and gynaecology. General infirmaries are typically staffed by doctors, nurses, accoucheuses, research lab and pharmaceutics spe cializers, and community wellness officers. Secondary degree installations serve as referral points for primary wellness attention installations. Each territory or zone is expected to hold at least one secondary degree wellness installation † ( 2 ) . The largest degree of attention is federal or third. The third degree installations form the highest degree of wellness attention in the state and include specializer and instruction infirmaries and federal medical centres. They treat patients referred from the primary and secondary degree and have particular expertness and â€Å" fully fledged technological capacity that enables them to function as referral centres and resource centres for cognition coevals and diffusion. Each province has at least one third installation. Primary and secondary degree of attention is besides provided by the mostly unregulated private wellness sector, which includes a broad scope of suppliers such as physician patterns, clinics, and infirmaries â €  ( 2 ) . Outside of the modern wellness attention system, faith-based organisations support clinics and infirmaries and traditional herb doctors are another often used beginning of attention. Nigeria has one of the largest stocks of human resources for wellness in Africa comparable merely to Egypt and South Africa. There are about 35,000 physicians and 210,000 nurses registered in the state, which translates into 28 physicians and 170 nurses per 100,000 in the population. ( 3 ) . However, this figure is still dwarfed by the United States. In comparing, the U.S has 218 physicians and 958 nurses per 100,000. In add-on, there is a really limited ( about non-existent ) local capacity for research and development of advanced pharmaceutical drugs to be put in to the medical market place. This means that the local fabrication capacity is merely geared towards a little category of common generic merchandises that are comparatively easy to fabricate. Even so, much of that capacity is for secondary packaging instead than for existent fabrication. Harmonizing to my male parent: â€Å" capacity use is merely approximately 40 % due to hapless basic substructure such as electric power coevals † . Imagine what that excess 40 per centum could make. In footings of the medical market place, a prescription is non needed to purchase antibiotics and most common medicines in Nigeria. Prescriptions are merely needed for controlled substances like opiods or benzodiazepines. Peoples can acquire ill and walk into a pharmaceutics inquiring for a peculiar sort of antibiotic. An immediate return of antibiotics is non possible without a prescription in the U.S. As good, Nigeria relies to a great extent on importing of finished pharmaceutical merchandises to run into national drug demands. Therefore, the pharmaceutical supply concatenation is really helter-skelter and until late was really ill regulated. Even so, the current regulative system has really limited capacity, particularly with the widespread corruptness and unequal enforcement of Torahs and ordinances, some of which are long disused. Unlike in the US, go oning instruction is non emphasized. Health attention suppliers frequently are non held decently accountable for their determina tions on attention, mostly because the patients are by and large uninformed and unempowered to be spouses in their attention. Added to all of the above is the fact that there is widespread superstitious notion, ignorance, and poorness. Many people still believe an unwellness to be a expletive visited on them by wicked/evil people or the spirit of their ascendants. There are still deep rooted beliefs in enchantresss. As a consequence, people foremost consult mediums, churches, mosques, traditional medical specialty men/women, and untrained drug shop attenders for intervention of common complaints. Others self-medicate. Often, the people use the infirmary or trained physician ‘s office as a last resort when their conditions are in advanced phases or worse, terminal. Let me besides add that in infirmaries and exigency suites, drugs and other supplies are frequently non-existent. In fact, my pa recounted sing a kids ‘s exigency room 6 old ages back: â€Å" I remember sing a kids ‘s exigency room in 2004 when we visited merely to see a kid with diabetic coma whose parents were told to travel to a pharmaceutics shop in town to purchase their ain insulin, syringe, needle, extract set, and extract, among other supplies needed. As if that was non bad plenty, subsequently he was told by the physicians in the exigency room that the insulin he bought was forgery and that it will non cut down the girl ‘s blood sugar. He now had to travel looking for a echt insulin injection † . An incident like this is can ne’er go on in the United States. If this were to go on in the U.S. and be reported by the imperativeness, there would instantly be an probe into the infirmary ‘s method, people would be arrested and caputs would tur n over. But in Nigeria, no one even water chickweeds. Subsequently my male parent recounted some more of his experiences with the medical market place in Nigeria: â€Å" In 2005, I was in another infirmary to see the caput of the infirmary who used to be my co-worker in the section of paediatricss of a teaching infirmary in another metropolis. While chew the fating with him, his caput of surgery came into his office to inform him that they can non make any surgery that twenty-four hours because they have run out of all surgical kits but one, which they are reserving for a desperate exigency † . One must maintain in head that these two incidents occurred in the really best and largest infirmaries in those two several metropoliss. Imagine a sawbones in New York City non being able to execute life-saving surgery because he has merely one surgical kit left to utilize. What tumult would such a thing cause! These two incidents and the aforesaid issues are among the many factors that foster the counterfeiting of drugs and have led to th eir overpowering presence in the Nigerian medical market place. In an interview with my ma, she stated, â€Å" they say that 60-70 % of pharmaceuticals in the market topographic point of Nigeria were imitative † . However, in my interview of my male parent he refuted that statistic: â€Å" of pharmaceutical merchandises in the market, approximately 20 % are estimated to be imitative † . So which statistic is accurate? Well, merely the fact that there is some difference as to the sum of forgeries on the market suggests that there is an innate job with the information that is distributed to the population. My parents are highly educated compared to the mean Nigerian, yet there still seems to be some dissension. â€Å" Everyone involved in contending the illegal trade admit how hard it is to quantify the job and hence step its success † . As stated by Abiodun Raufu of the World Health Organization, the forgery market thrives on ignorance among the people: â€Å" In 2001, most Nigerian consumers were unmindful to the danger of f orgery drugs. ‘Fake drug traders used to boom chiefly because of a deficiency of consciousness ‘ [ stated Dora Akunyil ] . Warnings were broadcast on wireless and telecasting to do the public aware of the dangers and to promote people to describe leery drugs. Newspapers on a regular basis published lists on forgery drugs. Last twelvemonth, fake drugs deserving about two billion naira ( US $ 16 million! ) were voluntarily handed over by forgers or seized after tip-offs from the populace † . Progression is being made but his deficiency of consciousness will finally forestall the cognition of caution from spreading through the population. How does this contrast with the U.S. ? Surprisingly, there is a turning job of forgery drugs in the U.S. every bit good because of the turning disposition of upper category society to seek â€Å" non-traditional † medicine imported from different states. Harmonizing to the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medi cine: ‘more than one-third ( about 36 % ) of U.S grownups use complementary and alternate medical specialty and that figure is on the rise † . Let ‘s travel back to the about tragic narrative of my older brother and his terrible asthma onslaughts. Although the consequence was about tragic, my ma did what she was supposed to make. She gave her boy medicine that she expected to assist alleviate his symptoms. So whose mistake was it? Depending on who you ask the reply will change, most patients will fault the physician because he was the 1 who wrote the prescription. Others will fault the druggist because he was the 1 who bottled the medicine as if it was the exact same medicine. Still others will fault themselves for giving their kid medicine that hurt them. To this twenty-four hours, my ma blames herself for what occurred and remains cautious when she gives her kids medicine. Even so, indicating the finger is non of import in this state of affairs. More of import than who is to fault is analysing whether the state of affairs is still salvageable. At some point in every issue or treatment, there is a point of no return, where any solution becomes inaccessible. Could the medical market place in Nigeria have already been packed to the top with so many forgery drugs that it will be impossible to blush them all out, or at least to the degree of tolerability? Still, some argue that an chance exists for betterment in the Nigerian pharmaceutical sector and the full wellness attention system. There was a recent U.S. wellness attention reform jurisprudence passed in March 2010. While the jurisprudence ( Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act [ PPACA ] ) remains controversial, the jurisprudence expanded coverage to the antecedently uninsured and those with preexisting medical conditions, provided single authorizations so that those who are healthy can purchase insurance coverage thereby avoiding an unduly big bad pool that the insurance companies may be left with, and developed the program for the constitution of Patient Centered Outcome Research Institute ( PCORI ) to measure comparative effectivity of attention, among many other commissariats ( Kruger ) . Many Nigerian physicians, particularly those in the U.S. have discussed the possibility of suggesting statute law that has elements of this American statute law. There is talk that such a proviso may come up on the national treatment in the following 10 old ages. Besides, Nigeria has been at the head of planetary attempts to contend forgery drugs since Dora Akunyili took over the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control ( NAFDAC ) in 2001 ( Raufu ) . â€Å" Before Akunyili took over, staff abused their place to extort money from honest makers at the same clip as taking payoff from forgers in return for entree to the Nigerian medical specialties market. Akunyili fired the most corrupt of her officers. To promote honestness among her staying 3000 staff and to hike morale, she offered inducements such as preparation abroad, improved installations and a better working environment † . Nevertheless, no affair how promising this sounds, the obliteration of such jobs as counterfeiting is non even remotely close. The solution to these jobs ( which besides reflects what is go oning within the full society ) rests with leading. As my male parent pr ovinces: â€Å" Nigerian leaders and elites non merely steal public money instead than utilize such money to for the greater good of the people, they and their households fly abroad for their wellness attention and their kids ‘s instruction. So they lack the will or involvement to do things better for the generalization of the population † . Furthermore, nil in the medical market place will alter because leading will ne’er basically change for the greater good of the people of Nigeria. The point of no return has been reached.