Pardon sought for champion Jack Johnson Essay Example for Free

Pardon sought for champion Jack Johnson Essay According to newspaper reports this week, Sen. John McCain, the former Republican candidate for president, has introduced a resolution to Congress urging President Barack Obama to pardon Jack Johnson for his conviction of an alleged violation of the Mann Act ninety six years ago. (UPI) The resolution, originally presented to the Congress of George W. Bush in September, 2008 states in part, that Johnson was wronged by a racially motivated conviction prompted by his success in the boxing ring and his relationships with white women. (API) In 1904 Jack Johnson became the first African American heavy weight champion. At a time when black men were being lynched, beaten and burned for daring to look a white man in the eye, Jack Johnson was beating them viciously in the boxing ring while taunting the on-looking crowd of whites that screamed for his defeat. Jack London, a popular American author of the time, (who had an ex-slave as a major maternal influence in his life) railed against the black pugilist, writing essays pleading for ‘some white man, any white man, to knock Johnson’s block off’. (Starnes) When white America could not come up with a â€Å"Great White Hope† to defeat Johnson they chose to defeat Jack in the only way they could – through a federal law created to protect against transporting white females across state lines for the purpose of prostitution. (Mann) Prosecutors used this law despite the fact its original purpose was the prevention of non-consensual sexual abuse (e. g. , prostitution) of white females. Jack Johnson married the woman he allegedly transported across state lines for ‘immoral purposes’. When she would not testify against him, a former lover chose to cooperate with federal prosecutors. Jack Johnson fled the United States to avoid incarceration but returned in 1920 and served one year and one day in Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary. While there were anti-miscegenation laws in America beginning in the late 17th century, which persisted until 1967, all such laws were local and not federal so prosecutors used the Mann Act to accuse, try, and convict Jack Johnson. Irony is one of the greatest factors of life for African Americans: no law ever protected black women from being transported across state lines for ‘immoral purposes’. While marriage between black and white was illegal in most states until 1967, no laws prohibited the rape of black women by white males. Once the importation of slaves was illegal, slavery was sustained, in part, by the sexual relationships between both white men and women and black slaves. The children that resulted were most often slaves. These offspring usually added to the labor force on southern plantations. Much of America’s history has involved denying the most basic right – to love another human being to its African American citizens. Irony is at its peak when the federal conviction of a black man, for having sex with a white woman, should wind up on the desk of another black man who is the offspring of a black man and white woman! Bibliography Pardon sought for champion Jack Johnson United Press, â€Å"Pardon sought for champion Jack Johnson†, Sports http://www. upi. com, (22/4/2009), Associated Press â€Å"Congress Seeks Pardon For Boxing Champ†, http://www. cbsnews. com (9/26/2008)

Analysis of Presentation on Nature as Female :: Gender Sex Female Male Essays Papers

Analysis of Presentation on Nature as Female I found the presentation on Nature as Female to be very interesting, because the topic asks as many questions as it answers. The question of why nature is gendered, I believe, is inextricably rooted in language. Language determines everything our experiences, our perceptions, our beliefs, and our desires. In a class I took last term we spoke about Lacan and his theory about language determining our desires, and it made sense to me, because you cannot desire what you cannot name. In the same way, language determines our beliefs about the world. In an anthropology course I took, there was a study about this Navajo tribe that demonstrated a profound understanding of quantum physics, without ever having been taught it. The linguists believed that this was because of their language. Their language determined their perception of the world, and thus allowed them to understand it in a vastly different way then people who speak English or French, for example. The example that was given to try to explain the difference was that instead of calling grass "grass", the Navajos would call it "growing green that reaches up to the sky". In their process of naming it as such, their concept of grass is different than our concept of grass. Do you understand the difference that language can make, just in how things are named and described? Another example that was given was how Chinese children displayed far greater mathematical understanding compared to English speaking children, and the disparity was traced back to language. The argument here is that language determines our conceptualization of numbers. In English, we say ten, twenty, thirty†¦etc. The word "twenty" gives no indication that it means "two tens". In Chinese, however, the words do give this indication (one-ten, two-ten, three-ten†¦etc). Language is so innate in us that we forget its power. But realizing how language exerts itself over everything, it is easy to understand how our conceptualization of nature as female has come to be. Our concept is a result of our language, which determines our understanding of the world. In the English language there are gendered words, which necessarily influence our belief about what they signify. Thus we say "mother nature" and without a second thought we understand nature to be female. In just that one word "mother", nature becomes conceptualized for us as female. Thus, our understanding about nature is based on this belief.

Foreign Literature

CHAPTER –II Foreign Literature Eugene F. Brigman, Fundamentals of Financial Management, 5th ed. , (Hinsdale: Holt, Richard and Winston Sounders College Publishing, 2000), pp. 840-841. Companies are increasingly employing Inventory System. A computer start with an inventory counts in memory. Withdrawals are recorded by the computer as they are made, and the inventory balance is constantly revised. When the recorded point is reached, the computer automatically places an order, when this new order is received, the recorded balance is increased.Retail stores have carried this system quite far, each item has a magnetic codes, and as on item is checked out, it passes over an electronic reader, which then adjusts the computers inventory balance, at the same time the price is fed to cash register tape. When the balance drops to the recorder point, an order is place. Foreign Literature Joe N. of gather. com, they attract the buyers by selling what they want, non-stop on a channel that' s dedicated for buyers.This is a good technique if you are trying selling something, and gaining a good audience of buyers, because you are putting the product up for advertisement, on a channel those buyers watch. You don't have to completely analyze a commercial to come to this conclusion, or to categorize a commercial under a specific technique, but just pay some attention to the main details. In Channels of Desire (1982), the Ewens trace the emergence of the consumer society through the rise of mass images and new advertising, fashion, and entertainment industries.They explore some of the ways in which desire was channeled into consumption and into desire for ever new and ever more consumer goods. In The Culture of Consumption (1983), Editors Richard Wightman Fox and T. J. Jackson Lears document how capitalism develops a culture appropriate for a society organized around the principle of profit maximization via the production and consumption of commodities.

High School and Felicia’s Life Essay

A photo of Felicia with notes from her classmates.   The friend, Briana Torres, at 16 a year older and a grade ahead of Felicia, hugged her and walked her to sixth-period English class, the girls’ arms clasped around each other’s shoulders. On the way, Felicia cheered up enough to laugh at a joke, and make a joke of her own. But there were signs of unraveling. Late Monday night, she had posted a brief Twitter message: â€Å"I cant, im done, I give up.† After school Wednesday, Felicia walked to the Staten Island Railway station where many students board trains home. She waited impatiently for the train, and as it approached, she hurled herself backward onto the tracks. A friend grabbed her arm, but she twisted free. She was pronounced dead that evening. By the time her friends began to congregate in the hospital waiting room, posting messages on Twitter and Facebook in what would become a flurry of online speculation about her death, most had pinpointed a cause: Felicia had been bullied, they said, tormented by football players on Tottenville’s undefeated team. Some said she was teased because she had piercings and lived in foster care. Others said players had spread sexual boasts about her over the weekend, after Tottenville’s 16-8 victory over Port Richmond High School. To many friends, she appeared to weather the swirl of innuendo with her usual confidence. â€Å"She never really reached out for help; she was a really tough person,† Briana said Thursday, wearing a small tribute on her left wrist — an â€Å"RIP Felicia† inked in purple. â€Å"When I dropped her off at class, I wasn’t really worried about her.† Felicia had reported the taunts to an administrator, who arranged mediation sessions between Felicia and the boys she said were harassing her. Police are now investigating her death. Neither they nor the Education Department nor the school would comment on the bullying allegations. There was already little that was easy in Felicia’s life. Friends described her childhood as a patchwork of loss and instability: both her parents died when she was young, and she d isliked living with her aunt, said Kaitlyn Antonmarchi, 15, who said she had been Felicia’s best friend since eighth grade. At one point, Felicia ran away from her aunt’s house with an older man. After she entered the foster system, she bounced in and out of different homes, dyed her dark hair red and sprouted a cluster of piercings. With her latest foster parents, Felicia finally seemed happy and stable, Kaitlyn said. Moving to the other side of Staten Island, she started high school at Tottenville, improved her grades, let the dye wash out and eliminated most piercings. At Friday’s football game, Kaitlyn said: â€Å"She looked happy. She was laughing. It didn’t look like anything was upsetting her at all.† Bullying is common at the school, classmates said, but administrators usually acted to stop it, and it rarely reached the level that Felicia experienced. Tease Felicia, and she would come back with a quick, witty retort, said Alissa Compitello, 17, a senior. â€Å"If you tried to bully her, she’d laugh at you,† she said. â€Å"Somebody must’ve said som ething pretty bad about her for this to happen. They just wouldn’t stop.† On Wednesday, Felicia had asked Karl Geiling, 15, a sophomore at Tottenville, about how his test had gone. He saw her at the train station later. â€Å"I was way down, away from her,† he said. â€Å"All I heard was screams, and then everybody went silent.† At school on Thursday, many students wore black and purple, colors often associated with anti-bullying campaigns, and met with grief counselors. A crowd of about 500 gathered at the station in the evening, many holding candles. Someone had tied purple and black balloons to a chain-link fence overlooking the tracks, with notes and a photo fluttering alongside them. As their classmates created anti-bullying Facebook pages in Felicia’s honor Wednesday night, several football players took to Twitter to protest what they saw as the wholesale tarring of the team, which is a perennial favorite to win the Public School Athletic League championship. At least two seniors have been o ffered scholarships to play Division I college football. â€Å"None of you even no half the story so stop pointing fingers at the football team,† wrote James Munson, a safety on the team and the son of the team’s coach, Jim Munson. Another player, Richy Lam, a senior, said Thursday that many members of the team had not even known Felicia. In New York, an anti-bullying statute signed in 2010, one of numerous laws passed around the country in the wake of teenage suicides, requires schools to develop policies to deter harassment of students by other students, including education programs and disciplinary procedures. Prosecutions for student bullying are rare; perhaps the best-known case is that of Dharun Ravi, who was convicted of bias intimidation and invasion of privacy charges for using a webcam to spy on his Rutgers University roommate, Tyler Clementi, who committed suicide a few days later. Mr. Ravi was sentenced to 30 days in jail. â€Å"Bullying that violates criminal law can be prosecuted criminally, but not as bullying,† said Suzanne B. Goldberg, a law professor at Columbia Law School who directs its Center for Gender and Sexuality Law. Physical violence or threats of physical violence could be prosecuted, she said, â€Å"but what most often happens is that schools and prosecutors try to keep these situations out of criminal court which can be appropriate if the school system takes the incident seriously, punishes the offender and protects the victim.† It is not clear whether anyone will be disciplined in Felicia’s case. For some students, the school’s next challenge is Friday’s football game against the rival Curtis High School team, the last of the season, which may be pushed to Sunday. Felicia was a fan. When Kaitlyn last saw her, she said, she had been planning to cheer Tottenville this weekend. â€Å"She said, ‘Yeah, I’m going,’ † Kaitlyn said. â€Å"And I said, I’ll see you there.† Al Baker and Christopher Maag contributed reporting.

Parataxis and Hypotaxis

Parataxis and Hypotaxis Parataxis and Hypotaxis Parataxis and Hypotaxis By Maeve Maddox When a reader asked me to write about â€Å"the terms parataxis and hypotaxis and how they relate to Beowulf,† I had to laugh. Don’t get me wrong. I’m quite a fan of Beowulf. Wearing my academic hat, I’ve written more than one essay about this treasure of English literature, but somehow it doesn’t strike me as a suitable topic for the DWT audience. I was pleased by the request, but put it away at the bottom of my idea file. Now, however, I’m ready to write about parataxis and hypotaxisnot as they relate to Beowulf, but as they relate to non-academic writing. parataxis: the placing of clauses one after another, without connecting words (conjunctions) to show the relation between them. Dickens employs parataxis in his opening to A Tale of Two Cities: It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way Hypotaxis, on the other hand, refers to the use of coordinating or subordinating conjunctions to indicate the relation between clauses. Here’s a passage from Beatrix Potter’s The Tale of Peter Rabbit that illustrates hypotaxis: After losing [his shoes], he ran on four legs and went faster, so that I think he might have got away altogether if he had not unfortunately run into a gooseberry net, and got caught by the large buttons on his jacket. Parataxis is common in conversation, as illustrated in this passage written by an author noted for his ability to capture contemporary speech: Actually, Chris said, you get right down to it, Phylliss the one does all the talking. She gives me banking facts about different kinds of annuities, fiduciary trusts, institutional liquid asset fundsIm sitting here trying to stay awake, shes telling me about the exciting world of trust funds. –Elmore Leonard, Freaky Deaky. Hemingway’s narrative style was so paratactic as to sound babyish: Manuel drank his brandy. He felt sleepy himself. It was too hot to go out into the town. Besides there was nothing to do. He wanted to see Zurito. He would go to sleep while he waited. Hemingway got away with it, but a college freshman or a business executive who wrote like that would not be regarded as much of a communicator. Clear writing demands connecting words like if, because, and so. As for a discussion of parataxis and hypotaxis in Beowulf, I’ll leave that to the scholars who love to argue about such things. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Redundant Phrases to Avoid44 Resume Writing TipsHow to Send Tactful Emails from a Technical Support Desk

Blockbuster Hbr Case Essay Example for Free

Blockbuster Hbr Case Essay One of Blockbuster’s biggest value drivers is geographic location. Most people, especiall in urban areas live pretty close to a Blockbuster location. Availability of titles is also a value driver that not all video stores can provide. Their reputation is also a value driver. Economies of scale are one of Blockbuster’s largest cost drivers. The ability to negotiate with movie studios with leverage while their competitors can’t as effectively win lower prices for inventory purchases gives a huge advantage. The aforementioned reasons are ammunition to defened against competitors. Geographic location and leveraging the brand name recognition are two of the most important advantages that Blockbuster has that none of its competitors can easily overcome. After the formation of Blockbuster, the first major technological substitute to come along was the DVD (the digital versatile disc) and the DIVX (digital video express disc). There was a fierce battle between these two rival substitutes as they waged war. Both were looking to become the sole technology that would replace VHS. Blockbuster remained on the sidelines for the first few years after these technologies were introduced even though 8 major motion picture studios had committed to either DIVX or DVD (6 for DIVX and 2 for DVD) Once Antioco had made a decsion as to back DVD for a multitude of reasons, Blockbuster’s decision would lead to the demise of DIVX. Antico decided that DVD offered the most promise. They were more widespread, DVD player units were more readily available and they were cheaper. About a year after Blockbuster decided to back DVD, Circuit City decided to give up on the DIVX technology. Blockbuster also faced competition from consumer’s decsion to buy DVDs as opposed to renting them(sell through). Antioco saw this as a potential threat and decided to sell through used DVDs at a discount at Blockbuster stores. Along with some promotions, such as a free rental with the purchase of a movie, Antioco’s plan was expected to triple Blockbuster’s share of the video sales market. In 2003 Disney developed a technology much like DIVX called EZ-D. The plan was eliminate the return of rented videos as the disc would be discared 48 hours after opening because a chemical would render it useless. The technology ultimately failed as Blockbuster did not back the technology because for just a few dollars more (EZ-D discs retailed at $5-$7) consumers could outright purchase a DVD with unlimited use. One of the newest substitutes to threaten blockbuster is online video sales. This market is cannabilizing Blockbuster’s sell through numbers and Blockbuster is countering with their own online sales. Another is home delivery service. Even though this service had promise with more than a few firms, they all failed for a multitude of reasons and never posed a real threat. Netflix, a video subscription service with no late fees is also a substitute that Blockbuster is facing. After much initial success, Blockbuster decided to start their own subscription pricing model in which consumers can pay a flat fee each month for unlimitied rentals at their retail outlets. Eventually adding the feature where consumers can opt to either receive/return the discs through the mail similar to netflix or to receive/return them at a retail location to satisfy an immediate need. This option gives them a competitive advantage over Netflix. Blockbuster Hbr Case. (2018, Oct 22).

The main objective of organisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The main objective of organisation - Essay Example Organisation has the objective of division of work and defining of roles. Work in an establishment is broken down into specific tasks. These tasks are then assigned to organisational units or individuals’ best suited to perform them. The methods of performing these tasks are specified. Employees are assigned specific duties or roles depending on qualifications. Organisation leads to specialisation and development of experts leading to increase in productivity. For example an analytical chemist is found in the quality control unit of the production department. The analytical chemist performs a role he is specialised in. A sales person cannot be expected to do the analytical chemist’s work. Organisation brings about uniformity and control in the performance of duties. It is important for establishments or business to have a uniform way in which things are done in every department. These roles are usually determined during the development of the different departments in the establishment. Organisation makes it easier to establish control mechanisms against variations, errors, mistakes or deviations from norm that may have negative effects. Organisation is used to facilitate coordination in an establishment. Coordination is important if the set goals are to be achieved. Coordination is the integration of the different departments of an establishment; it involves establishing relationships between and among these departments. The combined achievement through coordination is greater than individual achievement. Coordination minimises incidences of conflicts and rivalry among departments since the responsibilities of each department are clearly defined and how these departments relate to each other is also defined (Jost 30). The other objective of organisation is to ensure effective resource alignment. Resource allocation among the department should be done in a manner that will produce the best results for the